Luther College advocate

Luther College

ADVOCATE

VOLUME V

NUMBER II

,M

CATALOGUE NUMBER

1922

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY LUTHER COLLEGE AND ENTERED JAN. 1918

AT WAHOO, NEBR.. AS SECOND CLASS MATTER UNDER THE ACT OF

CONGRESS ON JULY t. 1SS4

Luther College

THIRTY-NINTH

ANNUAL CATALOG

1921-1922 <k

«p

ANNOUNCEMENT FOR 1922-1923
REV. A. T. SEASHORE - - PRESIDENT

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

CALENDAR 1921-1922

FIRST SEMESTER

Aug. 29, Monday Matriculation and Examinations 10:00 a. m.

Aug. 30, Tuesday Recitations begin 8:00 a. m.

Sept. 2, Friday Reception 8:00 p. m.

Nov. 23, Wednesday Thanksgiving Recess begins 12:00 m

Nov. 28, Monday Thanksgiving Recess ends 8:00 a. m.

Dec. 22, Thursday First Semester ends 4:30 p. m.

Dec. 22, Thursday Swedish Declamatory Contest 8:00 p. m.

SECOND SEMESTER

Jan. 3, Tuesday.. Matriculation and Examinations 10:00 a. m.

Jan. 3, Tuesday Short Term begins 1-0:0-0 a. m.

Jan. 4, Wednesday Recitations begin 8:00 a. m.

Jan. 6, Friday Reception for Students 8:00 a. m.

March 24, Friday Short Term ends 4:30 p. m.

March 24, Friday English Declamatory Contest 8:00 p. m.

Apr. 13, Thursday Easter Recess begins 12:00 m

Apr. 18, Tuesday Easter Recess ends 8:00 a. m.

May 1, Monday Luther College Day

May 1, Monday May Day Exercises 4:00 p. m.

May 7, Sunday Annual Missionary Sermon 10:00 a. m.

May 7, Sunday Class Sermon 8:00 p. m.

May 8, Monday Messiah Concert 8:00 ip. m.

May 9, Tuesday Commencement

May 9, Tuesday Alumni Home Coming 6:00 p. m.

LUTHER COLLEGE

CALENDAR 1922-1923

FIRST SEMESTER

Aug". 29, Tuesday Matriculation and Examinations 10:00 a. m,

Aug. 30, Wednesday Recitations begin 8:00 a. m.

Sept. 1, Friday Reception for Students 8:0-0 a. m.

Nov. 22, Wednesday Thanksgiving Recess begins 12:00 m.

Nov. 27, Monday Thanksgiving Recess ends 8:00 a. m~

Dec. 22, Friday First Semester ends 4:30 ip. m,

Dec. 22, Friday English Declamatory Contest 8:00 p. m.

SECOND SEMESTER

Jan. 2, Tuesday ..Matriculation and Examinations 10:00 a. m.

Jan. 2, Tuesday Short Term begins 10:00 a. m.

Jan. 3, Wednesday Recitations begin 8:00 a. m.

Jan. 5, Friday Reception for Students 8:00 p. m.

Mar. 23, Friday Short Term ends 4:30 p. m.

Mar. 23, Friday Swedish Declamatory Contest 8:00 p. m.

Mar. 29, Thursday Easter Recess begins 12:00 m.

Apr. ::, Tuesday Easter Recess ends 8:00 a. m.

May 1, Tuesday Luther College Day

May l, Tuesday May Day Exercises 4:00 p. m.

May 6, Sunday Annual Missionary Sermon 10:00 a. m.

.l;i 6, Sunday Class Sermon 8:00 p. m.

May 7, Monday .Messiah Concert 8:00 p. m.

Tuesday Commencement

May 8, Tuesday Alumni Home Coming 6:00 p. m.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

MEMBERS

(1921-1922)

REV. A. T. SEASHORE, President of the Institution Ex-Officio

REV. E. G. KNOCK, President of Nebraska Conference Ex-Officio

REV. C. O. GULLEEN, Swedeburg Term Expires 1923

REV. G. E. HEMDAHL, Wahoo Term Expires 1923

MR. T. A. GUSTAFSON, Funk Term Expires 1923

MR. C. J. OLSON, Lincoln Term Expires 1923

REV. C. G. BLOOMQUIST, Omaha Term Expires 1922

REV. C. G. SAMUELSON, Mead Term Expires 1922

MR. S. L. WALLERSTEDT, Oakland Term Expires 1922

MR. J. M. OHSLUND, Wahoo Term Expires 1922

MR. EMIL LARSON, Swedeburg Term Expires 1922

REV. O. G. BERG, Genoa Term Expires 1924

REV. C. A. SWARD, Swedehome Term Expires 1924

MR. ANDREW OLSON, Wahoo Term Expires 1924

MR. S. P. WAHLSTROM, Wahoo Term Expires 1924

MR. OLOF PEARSON, Ceresco Term Expires 1924

OFFICERS

REV. G. E. HEMDAHL President

REV. C. O. GULLEEN Secretary

PROF. DAVID SELL Treasurer

MR. C. J. OLSON Treasurer of EndowmentFund

MR. EMIL BENSON Treasurer of Educational Fund

MR. C. J. CLEVEN Manager of Boarding Department

LUTHER COLLEGE

FACULTY

REV. AUGUST THEODORE SEASHORE, B. D., President
Christianity

EMMA WILHELMINA PETERSON
Home Economics and Normal Work

SVEN OSCAR JOHNSON, A. B.

Science and Mathematics

ALMA LOUISE JOHNSON
Art and Expression

EPFIE CHARLOTTE JOHNSON
Voice and History of Music

PHILIP H. HUDSON, B. M.
Director of School of Music

EARL MORIN
Violin

OLIVE B. PEARSON
Pipe Organ

EBBA C. LINDBERG

Stenography and Penmanship

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

FACULTY

CARL J. KNOCK, Ph. D.

Principal of Normal School

DAVID SELL, B. Sc.
Principal of School of Business

EMMA WILHELMSON, A. M.

Latin and German

ELLEN V. CARLSON, A. B.

History and Swedish

LYDIA ESPING, A. M.
English

ALICE TORELL
Orthography and Arithmetic

BERTHA ESPING
Sewing

MRS. FRED WARNER
Model School

OFFICERS

REV. A. T. SEASHORE President

EBBA LINDBERG Secretary of Faculty

S. O. JOHNSON Registrar and Curator of Museum

HULDA ELIASON Lady Principal of East Hall

REV. A. T. SEASHORE Preceptor of West Hall

EMMA WILHELMSON Librarian

LUTHER COLLEGE

GENERAL STATEMENT

PURPOSE

UTHER COLLEGE is a Christian Institution of learning, owned and
«■—■ controlled by the Nebraska Conference of the Lutheran Augustana
Synod. The primary purpose with the Institution is to help young-
men and young women acquire a vision of the higher purpose of life
and a desire to place their energies and talents in some big and
definite form of service in the kingdom of God on earth. In general
it also aims to (provide opportunities for acquiring a thorough liberal
as well as practical education that is based upon and permeated by
the principles and precepts of Christianity. The management believes
a sound instruction in the principles of Christian religion to be the
most safe and efficient aid in the formation of a sound character, so
necessary in performing the active duties of life as well as in all
other human relationships. It therefore aims to let all the work and
activities at the Institution be permeated by the spirit and teachings
of Christ.

RELIGIOUS LIFE

The religious atmosphere of the Institution is a chief concern with
those who are its guardians. The purpose is to make it as nearly like
the atmosphere of a refined Christian home as is (possible. A fifteen
minutes period near the beginning of each recitation day is set apart
for devotional exercises in the chapel. Besides song and prayer, short
talks are given which have as their sole aim to direct the student's
mind heavenward, to help him reflect concerning the dawning of
an eternal day and his personal relationship toward his Lord and
Maker, and to imipress upon him daily such truths as will help him
build a stronger character, become a better son or daughter and a
better citizen. All regular students are required to attend. In the
dining hall there is a short devotion after the evening meal for the
benefit of those who room and board at the Institution.

All students are required to attend Divine services on Sunday in
the church of their parents' choice and those attending the Lutheran
church are strongly urged to attend the Sunday School Bible classes
also. The student has his choice between the English and the Swedish
< -lasses. No attempt is made to interfere in any way with the church
relationship of students -coming from other denominations. Nearly
every denomination is represented in the student body and also by a
church in the city. The effort made is to have every student receive
■\ personal religious experience and conviction.

The Mission Societies also conduct classes in mission study at
appointed times and make endeavors to enlist the interest of fellow

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

students toward this important function of the church. These efforts
have been strongly instrumental in establishing the prestige for Luther
College as having contributed more toward sending mission workers
into foreign fields than has any other school in the Synod.

LOCATION

The Institution, comprising five buildings, is located in Wahoo,
Nebraska, on a considerable elevation known as College iHill in the
northwestern part of the city. This site affords an outlook in every
direction to a distance of twenty miles or more. The school grounds,
comprising eleven acres, were wisely planted in shade trees by the
founders of the Institution thirty-five years ago and at present give
the appearance of a natural park, containing thirty-five different
species of trees and rapidly increasing in attractiveness. The Wahoo,
Cottonwood, and Sand Creeks flow through the outskirts of the city
and only short distances from the school, affording numerous attrac-
tive picnic grounds and the whole presenting a beautiful landscape.

Wahoo, the county seat of Saunders County, is a city of about
twenty-tfive hundred inhabitants and lies within easy reach of the
state capital and metropolis. It is located about midway between
Omaha and Lincoln, and an hour's ride will bring one to either city,
where opportunities for hearing celebrated masters and -for attending
sessions of legislature and state fairs frequently present themselves.
The city has a good system of concrete sidewalks, good light and
water systems, and its surroundings are sanitary in all respects.

Of paramount importance also is the consideration that Wahoo
is composed of a populace having a large proportion of Christian
young people, such as have the most vital and valuable ideals, hopes
and aspirations in common with the class of young people that make
up the school body. This is especially true of the young people of
the local church and of the churches in the neighboring towns, who
are very desirous to make the students feel at home among them
and to surround them with a wholesome and refind atmosphere.

SOCIAL LIFE

It is well recognized that for a harmonious growth it is also
necessary to overcome any natural diffidence as well as such ec-
centricities as might prove a hindrance to intellectual efficiency. The
authorities fully realize the value o>f this phase of school life for
the growth of the young person. The importance of proper control
is also recognized. The social needs of the young people are directed
in such a way as to be conducive to habits of thoughtfulness, court-
esy, and reverence in deportment and ease and grace in manners;
and especially are they directed in such a way as to eliminate dissi-
pating habits and such other tendencies as might give reason for deep

10 LUTHER COLLEGE

regret in later life. Parents can therefore feel safe that the social
needs are well guarded.

Supervision of the social functions at the school is entrusted to a
ccnimittee consisting of the President of the Institution, the Lady
Principal and some other member of the faculty. Social functions of
classes are sanctioned and scheduled by the same committee. The
aim is to regulate the social life at the Institution in a way that is
conformable to the main purpose of the student's stay here, that of
intellectual and spiritual growth.

GYMNASIUM

A sound mind needs a sound body. It is universally conceded
that the greatest proficiency in any vocation can be attained only
when a sound body and a sound mind are both present. No person
is at his best unless he is strong physically as well as mentally.
It is therefore, epecially important that a student should have an
opportunity to promote his bodily vigor, health and strength as a
basis of mental vigor and effort, and simultaneously with the course
of study that prepares him mentally to cope with life's problems.

The gymnasium constructed during 1916 provides a main floor
54X&6, two dressing rooms, and a seating gallery, and is equipped
with rings for basket ball, a punch bag, Indian clubs, and ropes for
climbing and swinging. 'Shower bath is provided in an adjacent
building. The amiole floor space makes it very convenient for the
various social functions during the school year. It is heated by
means of hot air furnace and is lighted with electricity.

LIBRARY

The school has a carefully selected library of about 3,500 volumes,
including six general encyclopedias; Johnson's, two Britannicas, The
International, American, and the New Practical Reference Library.
There are also special -cyclopedias and cyclopedic dictionaries, such
as Grove's Dictionary of Music, Lalor's Cyclopedia of Political
Science, the Standard Dictionary, etc. During the year forty-live
bound volumes have been bought and six donated.

.v part of the library room is used as a reading room, and in it
are found newspapers and current magazines in the English, Swedish
and German languages. It is open to the free use of the students
daily. Hooks may be taken to the rooms under the rules of the
library.

The Reading Room is supplied with the following magazines and
periodicals: Atlantic .Monthly, American Magazine, American Luth-
eran Survey, Curnni History, Education, Foreign Missionary, Gregg
Home Kina Missionaren, Kindergarten and 'First

Lutheran, Ladies' Hon:- Journal, Literary Digest, Musical

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 11

America, Missionary Review of the World, American Cookery, The
Bookman, Christian Herald, Etude, Capper's Weekly, English Journal,
Modern Priscilla, Missionstidning, National Geographic Magazine,
Normal Instructor, Nebraska Teacher, The Nation, Outlook, Path-
finder, Popular Science Monthly, State Journal, School Review,
School and Society, School Arts Magazine.

The receipt of the following periodicals sent free to the Reading
Room is gratefully acknowledged: Augustana, Augustana Observer,
Bethany Messenger, Black and Red, Church and School, College
Breezes, Christian Cynosure, Daily Nebraskan, Hastings Collegian,
Lutheran Companion, Luther College Visitor, Minnesota Statstidning,
Goldenrod, Monthly Crop Report, Nordstjarnan, Omaha Posten, Oak-
land Independent, Oakland High School Record, Peru Normalite,
School Life, Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter, Tempelklockan, University
Journal, Wahoo Democrat, Wahoo Wasp, Weekly News Letter, Upsala
Gazette.

With thanks to the donors we acknowledge the receipt of the
following additions to the Library: Anderson's Art Gallery, two
framed pictures of the graduating classes.

ORGANIZATIONS
WARTBT7RG

This is the principal literary society among the students. All
students are eligible to membership. It affords an excellent training
to supplement the work of the class room. Young persons are quick
to realize the importance of the opportunities it furnishes for giving
expression to one's literary and musical accomplishments and for
cultivating self-control, ease, grace, and self-confidence. Good citi-
zensliiy requires these. Mental accomplishments are dead pro-perty
unless they find expression in such a way as to exert influence on
others. The reading of a weekly paper, the Pennan, is a popular
feature of each meeting and can be made a medium of immense
value when in the hands of thoughtful students. Meetings are held
every Friday evening.

DEBATING CLUBS

Three debating clubs are organized, the Junto-Vickner, the Roose-
velt, and the Phalbonsec. In the last the members are ladies; in
the other two gentlemen. Discussion of live topics requires that the
members become informed on current issues at the same time that it
cultivates the power of expression before an audience in a clear,
forcible, and logical manner. It is here that the young men and
young women learn the rudiments of the art, the ipossession of which
will enable them to meet the world and defend themselves in a credit-

12 LUTHER COLLEGE

able manner. Ample material for reference is found in the school
library. They all hold regular weekly meetings.

THK ORATORIO SOCIETY

It is a musical organization composed of students and residents
of Wahoo. It (practices and renders annually one or more of the
longer oratorios composed by master musicians, who have in this way
embodied the salient principles of the Christian faith in these master-
pieces of song and music that never die. Its members thus receive
free instruction in the grandest of all musical productions and there-
by also have their musical ideals recreated and ennobled. The Messiah
concert at Commencement is one of the big features of the exercises.
Director, Philip Hudson.

LUTHERMEN CHORUS

The value derived from being a member of a men's singing organ-
ization can hardly be overestimated. The personal good received from
practice in this organization is indeed a very essential asset to one's
equipment as a useful member of a community. Membership: First
tenors, Harry Carlson, Robert Johnson, Leonard Smith, Harold Sea-
shore; second tenors, Virgil Brodd, Raymond Elvin, Gilbert Mon-
son, Philip Thulin; first basses, Elmer Ackerson, Wesley Lindahl,
Carl Swanson, Joseph Thulin; second basses, Carl Eiiason, Verner
Turn wall, S. O. Johnson. Director, Philip Hudson; accompanist,
lOlive Pearson.

CHAMINADE LADIES' CHORUS

This is a very popular organization whose delightful services are
in demand at all musical occasions and social functions of the Institu-
tion. Nothing but the best in the realm of song is ever found in their
repertoire. Membership: First sopranos, Naomi Benson, Dora
Kampe, Ruth Christenson, Ellen Larson, E'bba Lindberg, Emma
Olson, Gladys Olson; second sopranos, Bertha Larson, Mildred Ohs-
;und, Dorothy Nelson, Roseline Pearson, Ingeborg Swenson, Theckla
Swanson; first altos, Karin Cleven, Alice Johnson, Inez Nygren;
second altos, Florence Berg, Helen Gustafson, Alice Torell. Direct-
. Effie Johnson; accompanist, Olive Pearson.

« '< >LLEGE ORCHESTRA

This organization affords persons who possess sufficient command
over some orchestral instrument excellent opportunities for ensemble
practice. The organization has made splendid progress during the
Membership: Violin, Mamie Morin, Joseph Thulin, William
Wolfe, Virgil Brodd, Alberta Anderson, Marie McAuley, Robert John-
son, Irvin Gustafson, George (lust ni'son, Carl Eliason, Harry Peter-
on, Fred BJork, David Sell, EHdner Peterson, Fred Mowers, Dorothy

Top— Academy Girls Debating Team.
Center — Academy Boys Debating Team.
Bottom— College Debating Team*

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 13

Ellison; saxophone; Hilding Ohslund, Harry Carlson; cornet,
Rosel Seashore, Reuben Johnson, Spencer Anderson; clarinet,
Bernard Peterson, Elmer Ackerson; flute, Harold Seashore; drums,
Verner Turn wall; piano, Vernie Lind. Director, Earl Morin.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY

This is a College Branch of the Woman's Home and Foreign Mis-
sionary Society of the Augustana Synod. It has a large membership,
composed of lady members of the student body, the faculty, and
former students living near the college. Its main activity is directed
toward stimulating interest for the opportunities open to young
ladies in this grand field of service and toward raising funds for the
support of young girls in mission schools in foreign fields. President,
Mrs. A. T. Seashore; secretary-treaurer, Anna Olson.

THE MISSION SOCIETY

The aim of this organization is to study missions, especially fore-
ign, and to gather money for such purposes. The society has a large
membership among the students and residents of Wahoo. It holds
public meetings twice each month. The annual <fee is 50 cents; life
membership $5.00. Present officers are: President, S. O. Johnson;
secretary, Edith Lindberg; treasurer, Florence Berg.

THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

The particular function of this association is to strengthen the
ties of fealty to Alma Mater and of comradship between members,
to foster a positive constructive spirit for a bigger and better Luther
College in whatever locality the members may be residing, and to
enable the alumni more efficiently to assist each other in securing
remunerative and responsible positions. It is in the large body of
loyal alumni that the Institution possesses its strongest factor for
maintaining a wholesome school atmosphere throughout the Con-
ference. The annual Home Coming social at Commencement is an
event to which the alumni look forward with joyful anticipation.
President, Hilding Ohslund; secretary, Alice Torell.

THE PARK ASSOCIATION

Its particular field of activity is the College campus. The Associa-
tion has expended upwards of $1200 for such permanent features as
help vastly to make the school grounds a place for fostering aesthetic
ideals and for creating such bonds of affiliation as can not fail to
remain one's ipleasant possession through life. Among other things,
this includes an electrolier system, a rustic sanitary drinking fount-
ain, a rustic spray fountain, ornamental gate piers and gates at each
entrance, and a large amount of ornamental shrubbery along the
walks and driveways.

14 LUTHER COLLEGE

THE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION

Its purpose is to foster interest in the various athletic activities
at the Institution, to encourage physical culture and hygienic exer-
cises among the members of the student body; and to -systematize the
management and financing of athletic teams. It has given a strong
impetus for more vigorous activity along the lines of calisthenics,
basket ball, base ball and tennis. Officers: President, Elmer Acker-
son; secretary-treasurer, Bernard Peterson.

EMPLOYMENT BUREAU

An employment bureau is organized an^ maintained 'by the Board
of Directors whose purpose it is to aid, without charge, the graduates
from any of the departments of the Institution in securing the most
suitable positions obtainable. Earnest endeavors are made to place
worthy young men and women, who have at any time finished any of
the courses given at the school, in the best fields of activity that their
preparation will enable them to command. Owing to the vigorous
work of this bureau and to other conditions favorable to the Institu-
tion, extraordinary success has been attained in placing teachers in
the public schools throughout the state and in adjoining states.
School officers and other employers are assisted in securing efficient
and competent service. Correspondence is invited.

SCHOLARSHIPS

I# A scholarship of 'free tuition for one year in the Classical and
Normal departments is offered to one new student out of each congre-
gation in the Nebraska Conference. (Cheyenne District considered
as one congregation.)

The manner of awarding this scholarship shall be as follows: The
Church Council shall nominate one or more candidates from whom
the scholarship committee elected 'by the Board of Directors shall
select one or reject all. In selecting the candidates the following
points shall b considered: Scholarly ability, Faithfulness in Sunday
School work, Conduct in general, Pecuniary means. A full account
of each candidate shall be furnished the Scholarship Committee.

II. A scholarship of free tuition for one year in the Classical and
Normal departments is offered to the pupil taking highest honors in
any county examination for an eighth grade diploma.

III. A scholarship of free tuition .for one year in the Advanced
Normal Course is offered to first honor graduates of all academies and
high schools In Nebraska.

Should, however, the person having the first honor be unable to
avail himself of scholarships 0 or HI, it may 'be given to the one
having second honor.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 15

FUNDS

THE ENDOWMENT FUND

Who does not realize that it is every bit as important, after estab-
lishing an institution, also to provide for its maintenance and security
for time to come. It is for this purpose that an endowment fund was
started some years ago and is at present growing with rapid strides.
Its present cash resources are $28,828.71. Bonafide subscriptions aug-
ment this sum considerably.

THE EDUCATIONAL FUND

The interest of this fund is available for the use of students who
might wish to enter upon any branch of service in the Lutheran
Church, or others who lack sufficient resources to acquire a
Christian education. Any person who has an earnest desire to enter
the service of the Church is encouraged to make use of this fund and
not to 'feel any lack of means to be a stumbling block in the way of
his doing so. Its present resources are $7,602#37.
TRULS HOKANSON FUND

This is a special educational fund which Mr. Truls Hokanson of
Wahoo established. In his will he made provision that $1,000 of his
estate should be given in trust to Luther College and that the interest
accruing therefrom should be used to assist young men preparing
for the ministry.

CONTESTS AND PRIZES

DECLAMATORY CONTESTS

To stimulate toward efficiency in declaiming and public delivery
in general two declamatory contests are held each year, one in Eng-
lish and one in (Swedish. Three prizes are given in the form of books.
The following took part in the Swedish contest: Rachel Sward,
Freshman Class; Elvira Hanson, Sophomore Class; Raymond El-
vin, Junior Class; Edna Strom, Senior Class; Bertha Larson, School
of Music; Richard Almquist, School of Business. The representa-
tives in the English contest were: Henry Johnson, Freshmen Class;
Myrtle Jacobson, Sophomore Class; Merle Johnson, Junior Class;
Emma Olson, Senior Class; Hannah Wallin, School of Music; Fred
Bjork, School of Business.

THE J. M. OHSLUND LOVING CUP

Mr. J. M. Ohslund, president of the Citizens State Bank, Wahoo,
Nebraska, has donated a beautiful "loving cup" to be presented during
commencement of each year to the student who has made the greatest
improvement in the subject of penmanship during the year. Said cup
is to be held by the winner for a period of one year, or until it is won
by a member of the following class. During 1921 this cup has been
held by Hjalmar Erickson.

lb LUTHER COLLEGE

APPARATUS
The school is supplied with physical apparatus; such as air pump,
electric machine, dynamo, X-Ray apparatus, spectroscope, optical
disk, projectoscope, telescope and numerous other instruments; with
charts for physiological studies; with charts and eight compound
microscopes for botanical work; with maps for geography, physiog-
raphy, and history.

MUSEUM

In natural history the school has -collections of considerable value.
The zoological specimens are numerous, consisting of over fifty species
of birds and a great number of molluscan shells, (besides reptiles,
batrachians, crustaceans, etc. There is a geological collection con-
sisting of several hundred varieties of fossils and minerals. There is
'ilso a numismatic collection and a number of antiquities. To all
donors who have helped to increase these collections we extend our
cordial thanks. An exceedingly valuable collection of Nebraska birds
has 'been placed in the Museum for the use of the Institution by
Arthur Anderson of Wahoo.

Donations in the line of minerals, rock specimens, fossils, mounted
animals, Indian relics and other similar curios, primitive articles
from pioneer life, industrial exhibits, etc., are kindly solicited and
gratefully received. During the" year a very valuable collection of
Chinese articles were donated by our missionary on the field, Rev.
Mauritz B. Hanson.

ADVANTAGES OFFERED

Among the advantages offered, then, are thorough work in all
oranches of study; up-to-date -courses and methods of instruction;
well equipped library, laboratories, and class-rooms; a healthy Chris-
tian influence to build up the manhood without which an education
will prove of little actual worth.

The Institution comprises the following departments and courses
of study:

THE ACADEMY

THE NORMAL SCHOOL

THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC
THE SCHOOL OF ART
THE MODEL SCHOOL

HOME ECONOMICS COURSE.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 17

ACADEMY

THE INSTRUCTION in the Academy has a four-fold
purpose that may briefly be stated as follows:

1. It lays the foundation which is nolw universally con-
ceded to be necessary for the best citizenship in a country
like ours, whatever life pursuit one wishes to choose.

2. Its courses are chosen to satisfy the requirements for
college entrance and thus prepare the student for further
growth and for higher attainments in scholarship.

3. The instruction is presented from the Christian view-
point of service and thus presents life and the choice of call-
ing as a responsibility and not as an opportunity for self-
aggrandizement.

4. The courses in Christianity offered are designed to
lead the student, not only to know more about his Church,
but to cultivate a love for it and a willingness to place his
efforts in its service first and foremost.

Two courses are offered the Classical course and the Home
Economics course. Thirty-two points are required for gradu-
ation in the Classical course; twenty-four will complete the
Home Economics course. The requirements for admission to
any one of these is a common school education. A prepara-
tory class will, however, be organized for those who have not
finished the grades. At the completion of any of these courses
a handsome diploma is awarded.

The work of the Institution is fully accredited at the
State University and at the colleges within the Augustana
Synod. It is also a member of the North Central Association

of schools.

A point is defined as the work for five recitation periods
a week, of forty-five minutes each' during a period of eighteen
weeks. The subjects named below the stars in the synopsis
are electives for that year.

IS LUTHER COLLEGE

THE COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

The Classical Course

CHRISTIANITY

The great importance of the study of the Christian Relig-
ion as a science as a culture element, and as a stimulus to
Christian conduct is fully recognized. A right life is the
superstructure which we erect upon the foundation of our
religion. The aim is to teach the great truths of God's re-
vealed word. The students are brought to see the necessity
of a right state of heart if one is to enjoy the blessings of
this life and the life to come.

BIBLE STUDY

The New Testament is used as textbook. The Gospels of St. Mat-
thew and St. John are studied. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Prepara-
tory Class.

BIBLE TEACHINGS

Text by Joseph Stump. This course aims to present the doctrinal
and practical teachings of the Bible in a form suitable to the compre-
hension of the intelligent youth of our church. Eighteen weeks, 5
periods,

SUNDAY SCHOOL STUDY

Lutheran Sunday School Handbook by Hunt. This course aims to
present the fundamental principles of the Lutheran Sunday School,
its organization and courses, the Lutheran Sunday School teacher,
and the Lutheran Sunday School pupil. Its special aim is to prepare
the student for more efficient Sunday School work. Eighteen weeks,
5 periods.

CHURCH HISTORY

Text by Nils Lovgren, completed. The object of Church History
is to present a general delineation of the development of the Christian
Church from her foundation to the present day. Special attention is
given in this course to the historical development of doctrine and
church government. Lectures are given on the status of the Christian
church today. Two essays are required. Eighteen weeks, 6 periods.

OLD TESTAMENT

T i Bible ItseM Is used aa text. The entire Old Testament is cov-

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 19

ered in the course of two years. Its aim is to give knowledge of the
Bible in its entirety, and especially as an interpretation of life. Open
to all students. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AGRICULTURE

Warren's "Elements of Agriculture'' used as text, supplemented
by collateral readings and reports on agricultural topics and by class-
room and field experiments, of which a (permanent record is required.
Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. ;Second Class.

LOT ANY

Andrew's "Practical Course in Botany" used as text. A selected
series of plant forms are studied so as to give the student a general
view of the whole plant kingdom. The particular aim of the course
is to bring the study of botany into a close touch with the daily affairs
of life by emphasizing its relation to agriculture, economics, forestry
and lumbering, and other related aspects. The microscopic work
embraces a study of structure of both the higher and lower plant
forms, and an application of these observations to plant physiology,
nutrition, and growth by means of simple experiments. A herbarium
of forty plants analyzed by the student himself is required. Recita-
tions and lecture, three /periods per week; laboratory work four
periods. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Third Class.

PHYSIOLOGY

Healthful Living, by Williams, completed. Taught by the aid of
charts and castes. Experiments performed in class. Outlines re-
quired. Sanitation made prominent by collateral reading. Eighteen
weeks, 5 periods. Third Class.

COMMERCIAL SUBJECTS

BOOKKEEPING

Baker's "Twentieth Century Bookkeeping," Part I, used as text.
Double entry used. The Principles of Bookkeeping are carefully
studied and applied. Drills in handling checks, notes and drafts.
The work covers the keeping of books under different kinds of busi-
ness. Self reliance and neatness insisted on. Eighteen weeks, 5
periods. Taught in Second Class.

PENMANSHIP

Palmer's "Method of Business Writing," taught from copies and
blackboard exercises. Muscular movement. Movement exercises made
prominent in the beginning of the course. The aim is to develop a
neat, simple, practical and legible hand. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.
Preparatory Class and First Class.

20 LUTHER COLLEGE

ENGLISH
PREPARATORY

For those who have not completed the grades and for such as are
unable to speak and read the English language, Preparatory classes
are organized. Reading, Spelling and Grammar are taught. "Ethics
of Success" is the text in Reading; Hunt's "Progressive Course/' in
Spelling; and Reed & Kellogg's "Graded Lessons," in Grammar.
Translation exercises may also be a part of the work in the Prepara-
tory class, if needed.

1 and 2

"Sentence and Theme" by Ward. Spelling, grammar, punctuation,
composition and reading of classics. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.

3 and 4. RHETORIC

Ward's "Theme Building." It includes a study of the qualities of
style, such as clearness, imagery, energy, elegance, and wit and pathos.
The various forms of discourse are also studied, letter writing and
poetic forms. Eight essays are required, also frequent shorter ones
to illustrate the various forms of discourse. Thirty-six weeks, .*>
periods. Second Class.

5. EXPRESSION

Southwick's "Stetps to Oratory" i.s used as a basis of instruction.
The voice can be developed correctly only in harmony with mind and
soul. Mechanical gestures are discouraged. Supplementary readings
from selected classics. Frequent recitals. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

7. ENGLISH LITERATURE

Halleck's "Introduction to English Literature." It is a study of
the development of literature through the various periods. Frequent
readings and reports are required, and five book reviews. One of
Shakespeare's plays, Milton's minor poems, and other choice extracts
are studied critically. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Third or Fourth
Class.

8. AMERICAN LITERATURE

Halleck's "American Literature." History of American literature
and book reviews on American classics. Frequent class reports and
readings. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Third or Fourth Class.

GEOGRAPHY

DESCRIPTIVE

Tarr and McMurray's Geography. A study of the earth as the
home of man. Special attention given to physiographical features

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 21

and their influence on industrial, commercial and social conditions.
Map drawing. Collateral reading. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Pre-
paratory Class.

PHYSICAL

Dryer's "Lessons in Physical Geography" completed. The most
common minerals and rocks are identified. The planet upon which
we live and from which we receive sustenance is studied, not as a
fixed model, but as a world whose features are undergoing continual
change. The causal agencies instrumental in producing these changes
and the result on climate and on life -conditions of plants and animals
and on the activities of man himself are studied from typical repre-
sentatives in our own country. Excursions and class-room and out-
door exercises supplement the text. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. First
Class.

GERMAN

FIRST YEAR GERMAN

Stress is laid on pronunciation, the acquirement of a vocabulary
of about one thousand words, one hundred idioms, and the essentials
of German grammar. Translation of English into German 'based on
reading matter. Texts: Thomas' "German Grammar" and (Esbjorn's
"Synopsis of Grammar." Readings: "Altes, und Neues", "Geschicnten
vom Rhein", etc. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.

SECOND YEAR GERMAN

Reading and writing of German. At least two hundred pages of
prose and poetry are read, with emphasis on smoothness and ex-
pression. Careful translation of selected passages of text into idiom-
atic English. Translation of sentences from English into German,
using words and idioms of text read. Topical study of German gram-
mar, chief rules of orthography, etymology, and syntax. Thirty-six
weeks, 5 periods.

HISTORY

Viewed in he light of Christian truth, history is one of
the grandest and noblest topics of study. It furnishes infor-
mation of the past and guiding models for the conduct of in-
dividuals and nations. As an element of culture and knowl-
edge its study takes a high rank.

Our form of government also makes the study of civics
imperative. Each individual needs to know the rudiments of
constitutional law to perform his civic duties intelligently
and wisely.

22 LUTHER COLLEGE

UNITED STATES HISTORY

Eggleston's "New Century History of U. S." Recitation and outline
work. Collateral reading. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods. Preparatory
Class.

CIVICS

Ashley's "New Civics", completed. Political authority, citizenship
and government in general are studied and particular attention is
given to local and state government in Nebraska, after which the
federal Constitution is carefully analyzed. Each student is required
to prepare and read to the class a paper, in which some national or
municipal problem is discussed. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Second
Class.

ANCIENT HISTORY

Myers' "Short History of Ancient Times". This brings the study
up to year 476 A. D. Outlines. Foster's Outline Maps. Webster's
Readings. Frequent reports, Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Second
Class.

:.::i haeval history

Myers' "Mediaeval and Modern History" from 476 to 1492 A. D.
Foster's Outline Maps. Webster's Readings. Frequent reports.
Special emphasis placed on great movements in history. Eighteen
weeks, 5 periods. Second Class.

MODERN HISTORY

Robinson's "Modern History" from 1492 to the present day.
Foster's Outline Maps. Webster's and Robinson's Readings. Fre-
quent reports. Special emphasis placed on events of the last century
and their relation to modern problems, current events, and contemp-
orary history. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods. Fifth Class.

LATIN

FIRST YEAR LATIN

Latin grammar, orthography, etymology and syntax. Drill for
mastery of forms and syntactical usage. Translation and simple com-
position. Text: Elementary Latin, by Scott. Thirty-six weeks, f>
periods.

SECOND STEAK LATIN

First semester: Rapid review of forms, using Ritchie's "Fabulae
Efaciles;" special attention given to vocabulary; grammar and com-
position. Second semester: Caesar's Commentaries, two books;
grammar and composition. Walker's text is used. Thirty-six weeks,
7> periods.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 23

THIRD YEAR LATIN

Cicero. Any six orations from: Against Catiline; Poet Archias;
Ligarius; Mareellus; Manlian Law (counts as two orations); the
Fourteenth Philippic. Careful translation. Composition based on
text read. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.

FOURTH YEAR LATIN

Virgil's Aeneid by Bennett, six books. Careful translation into
idiomatic English and correct rhythmical reading. Thirty-six weeks,
5 periods.

MATHEMATICS

ARITHMETIC

Milne's "Progressive Arithmetic". Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.
Preparatory Class.
ALGEBRA

"First Principles of Algebra" by Slaught and Lennes, completed.
This includes simultaneous equations with two and three unknowns,
literal equations, factoring, radicals, quadratic equations, involution
and evolution, problems involving fractions, and ratio and proportion.
The study is made vital by leading the student to see that it is ap-
plicable to the solving of interesting and useful (problems in mechanics
and all types of mensuration. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods. First
Class.

PLANE GEOMETRY

Hart and Feldman's Plane Geometry, completed. Throughout the
course the student is led to see that he is acquiring an ever-increasing
mastery over relationships of lines, angles, triangles, and areas that
(have a variety of useful applications. These relationships are then
applied to solution of about 250 original practical exercises in archi-
tecture, surveying, mechanical drawing, and designing. Thirty-six
weeks, 5 periods. Second Class.

NATURAL SCIENCES
CHEMISTRY

Academy students who are exceptionally strong in their work and
whose time and course will permit, may take the course in chemistry
given in the fifth year of the Advanced Normal Course. The course
may also be substituted for the Academy course in physics. Thirty-
six weeks, 5 periods.

PHYSICS

Hoadley's "Essentials of Physics" and Laboratory Manual. The
course aims to give the student a working familiarity with the laws

24 LUTHER COLLEGE

governing mechanics, sound, heat, magnetism, electricity, and light.
Individual experimental work and a permanent record of results re-
quired. Recitation and solving of practical problems, three hours per
week; laboratory work, four hours. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.
Fourth Class.

SWEDISH
1 and 2 READING AND GRAMMAR

"Nils Holgersson," volumes I and II. Translations into Swedish
and English. Oral and written paraphrases from text. Meaning,
forms, use, and spelling of unfamiliar words. Part of Vickner's Gram-
mar used. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods. First Class.
?, and 4. GRAMMAR AND READING

Vickner's Grammar. Special attention given to nouns, adjectives,
and verbs, as well as to translation of idiomatic constructions. Essays.
One book report each semester. Reading of "Valda Berattelser" and
"Fanrik Stals Sagner." Meaning, use, form, and spelling of unfamiliar
words. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods. Second Class.

f>. SWEDISH HISTORY

•Brief History of Sweden. One book report. Essays. Eighteen
weeks, 5 periods. Third Class.

6. CLASSICS

Reading of "Frithiofs Saga" and other choice extracts from stand-
ard authors. One book report. Essays. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.
Third Class.

The Home Economics Course

THE PURPOSE of this department is to train for the
intelligent, economical, aesthetic, and wholesome man-
agement of the home. Students will be taught the dignity
and nobility of labor, and will derive cultural as well as
practical benefits from the course. Modern scientific dis-
coveries and experiments have much to teach us regarding
the selection and preparation of foods. Iiealth, economy, and
comfort will be the practical result of such work. The synop-
sis of the studies of the course, on a following page gives a
full view of the character of the course. As the literary and
scientific studies that must necessarily belong to the course
ined under the several heads in the Academy, it

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 25

remains but to indicate the character of the Domestic Science
studies here. Three years are needed to complete the Diploma
course. Students having the required academic studies may
complete the Domestic Economy work of this course in one
year. Students not wishing to complete the full Home Eco-
nomics course may receive a Home Economics Certificate
upon completion of one year's work in the Home Economics
course, which work must include the study of Foods and
Cookery Sewing and Textiles, and Physiology. The
following is an outline of the Diploma course in Home
Economics:

COURSE I

FOODS AND COOKERY •

A study of the composition, nutritive and economic value of foods.
Preparation of foods containing the five food principles. Making of
menus. Serving of meals. Thirty-six weeks, two lecture periods and
three two-hour laboratory periods per week.

COURSE II

FOODS AND COOKERY

A continuation of Course I. Special study given to the making of
well balanced menus. Table service. Invalid cookery. Eighteen
wseeks, one lecture period and two two-hour laboratory periods .per
week.

COURSE III

HOUSEHOLD SANITATION AND DECORATION

A thorough course in Sanitation, including the study of com-
municable diseases, means of conveying infection, measures for con-
trolling diseases, disinfection, house planning, furnishing and decora-
tion. Eighteen weeks, two periods.

COURSE IV

ELEMENTARY CLOTHING AND TEXTILES

The fundamental processes of hand and machine sewing applied
to the designing and construction of undergarments. Repairing.
Decorative needle work. Preparation and use of dress forms. House
dress. Lingerie dress. Study of cotton and linens relative to their
use in the home and for clothing purposes. Thirty-six weeks, five
two-hour laboratory periods.

26 LUTHER COLLEGE

COURSE V
ADVANCED CLOTHING AND TEXTILES

Drafting of patterns. Use of commercial patterns. Draping and
designing of figures. Fancy blouse, wool dress, silk dress. Renova-
tion problem. Cost of Clothing. Study of wool and silks. Household
and chemical tests for fibers and adulterations. Thirty-six weeks, five
four-hour laboratory periods.

COURSE VI
TEACHER'S COURSE IN HOME ECONOMICS

This course is designed to meet the needs of rural and grade
teachers. Organization of subject material. Equipment and illustra-
tive material. Simple sewing. Open only to those who have taken
at least one semester's work in Foods and Cookery and who are
preparing to teach.

SYNOPSIS OF COURSE OF STUDY

CLASSICAL COURSE

PREPARATORY CLASS
FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER

English Grammar 5 Bible 5

Reading and Spelling 5 English Grammar 5

Geography 5 Reading and Spelling 5

Arithmetic I 5 Geography 5

U. S. History 5 Arithmetic 5

Penmanship 5 U. S. History 5

Penmanship 5

FIRST CLASS

Algebra 5 Algebra 5

English 5 English 5

Latin 5 Latin 5

Religion 5 Physiography 5

Penmanship 5 Penmanship 5

Swedish 5 Swedish 5

SECOND CLASS

Ancient History 5 Mediaeval History 5

English 5 English 5

Geometry 5 Geometry 5

Latin 5 Latin 5

Religion 5

* * * * * *

Bookkeeping 5 Agriculture 5

Swedish 5 Swedish 5

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 27

THIRD CLASS

Botany 5 Civics 5

Expression 5 Physiology 5

Religion 5

*** ***

Domestic Science 5 Domestic Science 5

German 5 German 5

Latin 5 Latin 5

Modern History 5 Modern History 5

Swedish . 5 iSwedish 5

FOURTH CLASS

American History 6 American History 5

English 5 English 5

Physics 5 Physics 5

Religion , 5

German 5 German 5

Latin 5 Latin 5

Chemistry 5 Chemistry 5

HOME ECONOMICS COURSE
FIRST CLASS

FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER

Penmanship 5 English 5

Religion 5 Agriculture 5

El actives 10 Physiography 5

English —5 Physiology 5

SECOND CLASS

Ancient History 5 Mediaeval History 5

Bookkeeping 5 Civics 5

Geography 5 Religion 5

English Expression 5 English 5

Foods and Cookery 5 Foods and Cookery 5

THIRD CLASS

Botany 5 Religion 5

English 5 English 5

Foods and Cookery 5 Household Sanitation and

Chemistry 5 Decoration] 2

Sewing and Textiles 5 Household Chemistry 5

Sewing and Textiles —5

28 LUTHER COLLEGE

NORMAL SCHOOL

C. J. KNOCK, Ph. D., Principal

THE AGE DEMANDS the best service of which men
and women are capable. It is no longer willing to
accept the crude efforts of the apprentice. The old method
of acquiring skill by the slow process of imitation and experi-
ment has been supplanted by the scientific preparation afford-
ed by the technical school teaching. Although among the
latest of the arts to feel the modern impulse, teaching is
becoming a genuine profession. The Normal School stands
by the side of the schools of law medicine, engineering, and
other educational institutions that apply the accumu-
lated wisdom of the world to the direction of the practical arts.
The time is not far distant when no one will be permitted
to begin the work of teaching without the discipline of the
professional school.

There is no nobler work than right teaching. To take
a little child by the hand and guide it safely through the
difficulties that beset childhood and youth and to lead it
in such a way as to incorporate into its life the highest
spiritual and ethical truths and finally to bring it into
the beautiful estate of true manhood or true womanhood, is
\\ task worthy of the best ability of the age and presents a
satisfaction seldom found in other secular pursuits. The pur-
pose of education, says Frobel, is the realization of an in-
violate and holy life.

The purpose of this department is to train teachers with

such a vision of the purpose and aim of teaching, in order

to meet the expressed desires of those communities in the

state of Nebraska who arc anxious to secure the service of

such teachers.

The Elementary course requires four years work above
the Eighth Grade, and lead^ to a Second Grade State Certi-

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 29

ficate, the same in tenor and effect as the Elementary State
Certificate issued by the State Normal Schools. The courses
are two, the Elementary and the Advanced, or Life Certificate
course.

THE COURSES OF STUDY

THE ELEMENTARY COURSE
EDUCATION

PSYCHOLOGY

An elementary course. Text: Bett's "The Mind and Its Educa-
tion." The work in this course is correlated with the work in obser-
vation. Thirty-six weeks, 2V2 periods. Fourth Class.

RURAL EDUCATION

This course aims to present the problems and opportunities of the
rural schools. Such topics as Course of study, Organization, Dis-
cipline, Social functions, Sanitation, and Hygiene are studied. Eigh-
teen weeks, 2 periods. Fourth Class.
OBSERVATION

A model school has been established whose purpose is to exemplify
the principles and methods taught in the Normal Training Department.
The Wahoo Public Schools are also open for our inspection. All eight
grades are observed. Thirty-six weeks, 2V2 periods. Fourth Class.

PRACTICE TEACHING

As far as possible, opportunities will be given for teaching in the
Model School. All Normal students are expected to devote some time
to this work. All lessons must be carefully worked out under the
direction of the Model School teacher.

REVIEWS
PHYSIOLOGY

Course same as that of the Classical Course.

GEOGRAPHY

"Modern Geography" by Salisbury, Barrows and tower. A study
of the earth as the home of man; showing industrial, commercial, and
social conditions and processes; tracing the physiographical in-
fluences on man. The pedagogy of the subject is carefully considered
and the principles of its presentation enforced by illustrative lessons

LUTHER COLLEGE

and by the selection and organization of the studies. Eighteen weeks,
5 periods.

ARITHMETIC

A general review of the essentials in arithmetic with special stress
on methods of teaching that subject. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

AMERICAN HISTORY

West's "History of the American People'' used as text The origin
and development of American institutions presented systematically,
with special reference to the pedagogy of the subject. Outlines and
reports. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.

GRAMMAR

A general review of the subject. Much emphasis is placed on
methods and its correlation with the other subjects in English. Eigh-
teen weeks, 5 periods.

READING

Sherman and Reed's "Essentials in Teaching Reading" used as a
basis, supplemented by other texts and the best short stories in
magazines. Eighteen weeks, 3 periods.

DRAWING

The ability to draw is valuable in all callings of life, but i* fi
especially helpful to teachers.

ThePrang system is used. Study of life; such as trees, leaves,
life; perspective; pose; decoration; industrial work. Eighteen
weeks, 3 periods. Third Class.

PUBLIC SCHOOL MUSIC
SIGHT-SINGING AND EAR-TRAINING

Palmer's Method. Public school methods. Technique and peda-
gogics of music taught. Pupils are taught to realize its beauty and
possibilities, to see its influence in the intellectual and artistic develop-
ment of the child. The course treats the following subjects: Ele-
ments of notation, terminology, and harmony; ear training and oral
and written dictation; sight reading, song interpretation, simple
melody writing; observation and practice work in children's chorus
conducting. Eighteen weeks, 3 periods. Third Class.

OTHER STUDIES

Above is an outline of the professional studies belonging to the

Normal Course. Other subjects are the same in the academic and

normal courses. For information regarding the following subjects see

the course of instruction under "The Academy;'* Christianity, Bible

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 31

Literature, Church History and Christian Doctrine; English; Swedish;
Latin; History; Geography, Descriptive and Physical; Civics; Science,
such as Agriculture, Botany, Physiology and Physics; Mathematics,
such as Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry; Penmanship and Book-
keeping.

PHYSICAL CULTURE

All regular students are required to take Physical training two
periods per week during eighteen weeks of each school year.

ADVANCED, OR LIFE CERTIFICATE COURSE

SINCE the new law affecting certificates went into effect'
professionally trained teachers have been in greater de-
mand than before. Our course is thorough and up-to-date
in all respects. Thirty points are required for entrance into
this course. Students who have completed a four-year Ne-
braska High School are admitted to the regular Junior year.
Having finished the course, the student is awarded a certifi-
cate, which, after three years of successful teaching becomes
a Life Certificate. The Life Certificate may, however, be
awarded at the completion of the course if the teaching re-
quired is done prior to this time.

THE COURSE OF STUDY

EDUCATION

PSYCHOLOGY

This course consists of a study of general psychology. Much stress
is placed on the experimental and educational phases of this subject.
Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Fifth Class.

EDUCATIONAL. PSYCHOLOGY

This is a study of the learning process, with special stress on its
significance in the study of the common branches. Attention is given
to experimental work in education, especially to educational tests and
measurements. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Sixth Class.

LUTHER COLLEGE

CHILD PSYCHOLOGY

This study includes Mental development, Individual differences,
Heredity, Defective and retarded children, and Mental tests. Eighteen
weeks, 5 periods. Sixth Class.

THEORY OP TEACHING

An applied course in psychology, with special emiphasis on the
psychological principle underlying methods of teaching. Attention is
given to the exercise of the different mental powers of the child in
the study of the elementary subjects. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.
Fifth Class.

HISTORY OF EDUCATION

Consists of a thorough study of some of the great minds who have
moulded and directed the educational thought of their time. Graves'
"History of Education" is used, supplemented by collateral readings
and lectures concerning the trend of educational thought and practice
of the present day. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods. Sixth Class.

OBSERVATION AND METHODS

The object of this course is to fit the student as far as possible
for the actual (practice in teaching by leading him, through observa-
tion, to inquire into the nature of child thought and thus to enable
him to direct his energy in his actual practice of the senior year so as
to develop the mind of each individual child in an orderly and sys-
tematic manner. Each observation must be followed by a period of
class discussion, that the instructor may know that the student is ac-
complishing that which is expected of him. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.
Fifth Class.

PRACTICE TEACHING

It is planned to have each student take full charge of a class in
the practice school for a part of or a whole term. The student is
expected to make notes of the special points to be developed in the
lesson and discuss same with the supervisor before taking charge
of a class. Fifth Class,

ENGLISH

ENGLISH 9 and 10

The aim of this course is to fit the student to teach reading and
literature in the public schools. Two semesters are devoted to this
work, using Dr. L. A. Sherman's "Elements of Literature and Com-
position" as a basis. The first semester is given almost wholly to In-
terpreting and expressing the thought of the best literature for use

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 33

in the public schools. The second semester is devoted largely to con-
structive English and special methods of teaching English. Thirty-
six weeks, 5 periods. Fifth Class.

ENGLISH 12. PUBLIC SCHOOL LITERATURE

The object of this course is to acquaint the student with the best
books for school libraries. The library books most suitable for chil-
dren are read and discussed in class, to show what the child should be
expected to get from books. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

GENERAL SUBJECTS OFFERED

BIOLOGY

A study of the life processes as exemplified in the animal kingdom
and to a certain extend also in the plant kingdom. A survey of the
field to familiarize the student with a typical series of animal forms.
Laboratory work, dissection of typical forms, and reports on repre-
sentatives of special importance. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

TRIGONOMETRY

Wentworth's Plane Trigonometry and Surveying." The trigono-
metric functions of angles; theory and use of logarithms; solution of
right and oblique triangles and application to problems in surveying,
mensuration, and navigation. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

CHEMISTRY

"Outlines of Chemistry," by Kahlenberg. A careful study is made of
the more common elements and compounds, their occurrence, prepar-
ation, and industrial importance. The laws of chemical combination
are thoroughly considered and applied throughout the course. Equation
writing and solving of chemical problems are strongly emphasized.
Class work, three periods; laboratory work, four periods. Thirty-six
weeks.

GREEK

"First Greek Book," by White, completed. One Book of Anabasis
carefully studied, with special stress on forms and constructions.
Thirty-six weeks, 5 hours.

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY

"Plane Coordinate Geometry," by Fine and Thompson. A study of
the graphs and equations of the straight line, circle, parabola, ellipse,
hyperbola, and the properties of conies. Eighteen weeks, 4 periods.
OPTIONAL STUDIES

Any course recognized by the President and by the head of the de-
partment may be elected where elective courses are specified.

34 LUTHER COLLEGE

MODEL SCHOOL

THIS SCHOOL is a popular feature of the Normal
Training Course. It is well equipped with the neces-
sary materials for effective work in every sense of the term.
The School furnishes opportunities for observation and
practice which becomes the basis for future teaching. The
observation work enables the prospective teacher to under-
stand the mental grown of the child. The work is arranged
to acquaint students with methods of teaching and brings
about a correlation of theory and practice. The students are
given an opportunity to do actual teaching under supervision,
teaching different subjects and different grades at regular
times.

The School is in session and works regularly throughout
the year. Much attention is given to illustrative work in
drawing, water color, paper cutting' modeling' and other
hand work.

Prospective teachers should bear in mind the advantages
to be derived from receiving their training under such envir-
onments. Intimate daily contact with child nature and
daily observation of the best methods of teaching children
and solution of the difficulties incidental to public school
work gives the student such command over troublesome
situations as will enable him to meet them without hesita-
tion, when he comes out in actual service.

SYNOPSIS OF COURSES OF STUDY

FIRST YEAR

FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER

Algebra 5 Algebra 5

English 5 English 5

Religion 5 Physiography 5

Penmanship 5 Penmanship 5

♦ ♦* ••:-*#

Latin 5 Latin 5

S wedisb 5 Swedish 5

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 35

SECOND YEAR

FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER

Ancient History 5 Mediaeval History 5

Bookkeeping 5 Agriculture 5

English 5 English 5

Geometry 5 Religion 5

Geometry 5

Latin 5 Latin 5

Swedish 5 Swedish 5

THIRD YEAR

Botany 5 Civics 5

Arithmetic 5 Music 3

Drawing . . 3 American Literature 5

English Literature 5 Physiology 5

Expression 5 Geography 5

Religion 5

*** *##

Domestic Science 5 Domestic Science 5

FOURTH YEAR

American History 5 American History 5

Grammar 5 Reading 3

Physics 5 Physics 5

Psychology 3 Psychology 2

Observation 2 Observation 3

Physical Culture 2 Rural Education 2

Religion 5

FIFTH YEAR

Old Testament Study 5 Practice or Elective 5

Chemistry 5 Theory of Teaching 5

English 5 Chemistry 5

Psychology 5 English 5

Observation 2 Observation and Methods 5

Practice or Elective 5

SIXTH YEAR

Old Testament Study 5 Child Psychology 5

Educational Psychology 5 History of Education 5

Zoology and Agriculture 5 Zoology and Agriculture 5

Public School Literature 5 Practice or Elective 5

Practice or Elective 5

TRAINING COURSE

Drawing or Penmanship 5 Drawing or Penmanship 5

Arithmetic 5 Reading 3

Physics or Geography 5 Physics or Physiology 5

Grammar 5 American History 5

Observation and Psychology. .5 Observation and Psychology. .5

Religion 5

36 LUTHER COLLEGE

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

DAVID SELL, B. Sc, Principal
EBBA LINDBERG, Stenography

r I ' HIS SCHOOL is designed to furnish instruction in
* those branches that pertain to modern business, its
laws, customs, and tendencies. Such knowledge is very im-
portant, for success in all callings of life depends largely on
the proper application of the principles of business.

The school has its own splendidly equipped rooms and
offers three courses of study: The Commercial Course, lead-
ing to the degree of Bachelor of Accounts, the Shorthand
and Typewriting Course, and the Combined Course.

BOOKKEEPING COURSE

BOOKKEEPING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE

In this course we teach bookkeeping, accounting and office practice,
and the performance of the duties of the bookkeeper incidental to
office work, by practical methods similar to those that are being gen-
erally practiced in counting houses. The work is intensely interest-
ing and enables the student to acquire accuracy, neatness, readiness
and self-reliance.

In the first part of the work the student receives a thorough drill-
ing in the use of the Journal, Cash Book, Sales Book, Purchase Book
and Ledger, also in the preparing of various Statements, Trial Balan-
ces, Balance Sheets and closing of Ledger Accounts. The transactions
at first are simple, but gradually they become more difficult and compli-
cated, until they embrace almost every conceivable transaction. The
student deposits money, orders goods, makes out bills, gives notes and
receipts, draws checks and drafts, forms partnerships and writes and
properly executes the articles of co-partnership, leases and conveys
real estate, and forms corporations. He is required to make frequent
statements and reports of the business and submit these to the inspec-
tion of the teacher.

The school has a bank, College Bank, which does the usual bank-
in;; business and each student transacts such business with it as is
customary in actual business affairs. The student is also put in charge

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 37

of this bank for a certain period and thus performs the duties of a
banker.

"Twentieth Century Bookkeeping and Accounting" by Baker, used
as text. Thirty-six weeks, 10 periods.

BUSINESS LAW

This is one of the most interesting and profitable studies of the
course. We aim to acquaint the student with the principles that con-
stitute the foundation of this branch. The course embraces instruction
in the following heads: Contracts, Negotiable Papers, Agency, Part-
nership, Corporations, Real Estate, Liens, Insurance, Mortgages, Leases,
Deeds, Landlord and Tenant, Inkeepers, and Common Carriers.
Rowe's "Commercial Law," used as text. Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

CIVICS

A knowledge of the nature and operation of the government under
which we live is necessary for the successfull prosecution of the busi-
ness of life. Our course gives the student a clear idea of his place as
a member of society and therefore, also of his rights and duties as a
citizen. It trains his judgment and develops his ability to discuss
civic problems, thereby making him a more intelligent and efficient
citizen of his country. Ashley's "The New Civics" is used as text.
Eighteen weeks, 5 periods.

COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
This subject differs from other arithmetics in the application of
the science. It deals particularly with problems which give the stu-
dent thorough drill in the short, practical, labor-saving methods actu-
ally used by business men. Since no student can expect to progress
satisfactorily in bookkeeping without a thorough understanding of
arithmetic, we give this subject a prominent place in our course. Sut-
ton and Lennes' "Business Arithmetic," used as text. Thirty-six
weeks, 5 periods.

RAPID CALCULATION

Rapid and correct figuring is a qualification of great value in busi-
ness life. Our drills develop rapidity and accuracy. No time is wast-
ed on unnecessary things. Eighteen weeks, periods.

PENMENSHIP

The demand for persons skilled in the use of the pen is greater to-
day than ever before. The object of our course is to teach a rapid eas-
ily executed business writing. The student has daily drills in move-
ment, form, and speed. The Palmer Method of Business writing is
taught. Thirty-six weeks, 5 periods.

28 LUTHER COLLEGE

ENGLISH

No knowledge will be of much service to the possessor
who is unable to communicate it to others intelligently.
The practical value of proficiency in handling the English
language is evident. Business men want those in their employ
who speak and write the language readily and correctly.

FIRST' CLASS

READING — "Ethics of Success." Twenty weeks, 2 periods.
SPELLING — "Practical Commercial Speller," by Atwood. Twenty

weeks, 5 periods.
ENGLISH — Williams' "Complete Business English." Twenty weeks*

5 periods.

SECOND CLASS

READING — "Ethics of Success." Sixteen weeks, 3 periods.

SPELLING — "Practical Commerical Speller," by Atwood. Thirty-
six weeks, 5 periods.

ENGLISH — Williams, "Complete Business English." Twenty-eight
weeks, 5 periods.

CORRESPONDENCE

No accomplishment is of greater value and assistance to the ap-
plicant for a business position than the ability to write a first-class
business letter. The education, ability and characteristics of a person
are largely judged by his correspondence. Clearness of expression
and the ability to prepare a neat, business-like letter are essential, not
only to business men, but to anyone who needs to convey thought by
means of letters. The course includes such enclosures as notes*
drafts, checks, bills, and the writing of letters with particular emphasis
on clearness, brevity, punctuation and form. Williams' "Commercial
Correspondence" used as text. Nine weeks, 5 periods.
PUBLIC SPEAKING

In this course the student studies and recites poems, speeches, and
orations for practice in clearness of expression, strength of tone, vigor
of action, and directness of expression. He also practices extempor-
aneous speaking and debating. Eighteen weeks, 5 hours.

SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITING COURSE

THE PRINCIPAL AIM of the Shorthand and Type-
writing Course is to fit young men and young women
for positions as stenographers for general office work, sec-
retaryships, and similar remunerative employment. No
occupation of modern development is receiving greater favor

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 39

amon^ business men. Today nearly every business house
employes a stenographer; lawyers, bankers- and other pro-
fessional men find it difficult to conduct their work without
the aid of an assistant who is skilled in this art. Those who
choose this calling find it one of the most pleasant and
lucrative of occupations. The study of shorthand and type-
writing is important as a mental discipline; its cultural value
is not to be ignored. Students preparing for college or uni-
versity courses will do well to complete a course in short-
hand and typewriting in connection with their academic
studies.

SHORTHAND

The Gregg system of shorthand is taught. This system is based on
ordinary longhand writing; every stroke or character, therefore, is
familiar to the student. The uniform slant and flowing character of
the writing, together with the absence of shading and position writ-
ing, increases speed and effect a great saving of time in learning.
Gregg shorthand is easy to learn, easy to write, easy to read. Special
attention is given to the writing of neat and legible outlines, the stu-
dent's work being carefully corrected and criticized by the teacher.
After the principles are mastered, the students are given dictation on
various kinds of matter, tending to increase their shorthand vocabulary
and to familiarize them with words and phrases peculiar to different
lines of business. The students are given drills all through their
course upon the reading of shorthand notes, both their own and the
perfect characters from text books and magazines. Accuracy first;
speed afterwards. To graduate, the student must have attained a
working speed of one hundred words a minute for at least five con-
secutive minutes on ordinary matter.

TEXTS: Shorthand Manual — Gregg; Speed Practice — Gregg; Hints
•and helps for the Shorthand Student — Gregg; The Gregg Writer;
Progressive Exericeses; Shorthand Dictionary.

TYPEWRITING

The touch system of typewriting is taught. By this method only
can the highest proficiency be reached, as no time is wasted looking at
the keys; the mind and fingers do the work automatically without the
aid of the eyes; and no time is wasted looking from the notes to the
keyboard and then finding the place again in the notes. The eye strain
is removed; the self confidence established relieves one of much nerve
strain. Throughout the entire course the work is handed in to the

40 LUTHER COLLEGE

teacher for inspection; if it is not up to the standard, it must he re-
written. Transcription from shorthand notes is carefully corrected
and criticized; here, as in shorthand, the importance of accuracy is
impressed upon the student from the start. Machines with single and
double keyboards are used, such as the Remington, Underwood, L. C.
Smith, Monarch, Smith-Premier, and other Standard makes. To gradu-
ate, the student must have attained a speed of thirty-five words a min-
ute for at least five consecutive minutes on ordinary matter. TEXT:
Rational Typewriting — Cutler and So Relle.

OFFICE PRACTICE

In addition to the general stenographic work, the student is given
an opportunity to become familiar with the actual work of a stenog-
rapher, in that he is given work in the President's office and in the
general offices of the business practice department. This work consists
of letter writing, mimeographing, billing, tabulating, copying, filing,
and manifolding. Thus the student will become familiar with the
handling and the use of office appliances and will be fitted for actual
office routine, which is so essential in securing the first position. Here
as well as in all other courses, the student's attention is called to his
deficiencies, and the importance of absolute accuracy is repeatedly im-
pressed upon him. TEXT: Office Training for Stenographers — So
Relle.

OTHER STUDIES

For information regarding Rapid Calculation, Spelling, English,
Correspondence and Penmanship see "Bookkeeping Course," Second
Class.

THE COMBINED COURSE

THERE is a great demand for young men and women
who are competent to take charge of a set of books
and also do the work of a stenographer. A combined train-
ing in these two lines opens up many avenues of high grade
service and gives a choice to the best positions obtainable.
On account of its increased usefulness we have arranged a
course so as to give the student a general knowledge of ac-
counts and of methods of doing business together with the

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 41

regular work in the shorthand course. This combined course
can be completed in a eriod of nine months by those who
have completed a high school course or its equivalent. Those
who have not such preparation may also arrange to take this
course, but in such cases a longer time is needed to complete
the work.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND
GRADUATION

A common school education is required for entrance into
the First Class of the Commercial Course. To enter the
Second Class, examination in the elements of grammar and
arithmetic are required.

The degree of Bachelor of Accounts is conferred on those
who have finished the Commercial Course and attain an
average of 85 per cent in each subject, and who have a high
school education or its equivalent.

To graduate from the Shorthand and Typewriting Course
the student must meet the following requirements: First,
a speed of one hundred words a minute for at least five con-
secutive minutes, on ordinary matter ; second, correctly tran-
scribing the same at an average rate of twenty-five words per
minute ; third, have attained a general typewriting speed of
thirty-five words a minute for at least five consecutive min-
utes, on ordinary matter.

WHEN TO ENTER

The best time to enter is at the beginning of the Fall
Term. Students are, hofwever, admitted at any time.
TIME REQUIRED

Either course may be completed in one year by those who
come well prepared and who are good students. Others will
need longer time.

DIPLOMAS

Diplomas are awarded at Commencement to all students
who complete a course satisfactorily. Certificates of pro-
ficiency are given at any stage of any course if a student
leaves before the end of a term.

POSITIONS

Worthy students are aided in securing good positions. No
reputable school can do more.

42 LUTHER COLLEGE

SYNOPSIS OF COURSES OF STUDY

BOOKKEEPING COURSE

FIRST CLASS

Subjects Fall Spring:

Bible Study _„ 5

Business Ethics „ 3

Spelling- 5

Business English 5

Penmanship 5

Arithmetic _. 5

Bookkeeping - 5

SECOND CLASS

Bible Study 5

Business Ethics 3

Spelling „ . 5 5

Business English and Correspondence 5 5

Public Speaking 5

Civics _ 5

Commercial Law 5

Penmanship . 5 5

Arithmetic . . 5 5

Rapid Calculation 2

Bookkeeping and Office Practice 10 15

SHORTHAND COURSES

Bible Study 5

Spelling . 5 5

Business English and Correspondence 5 5

Rapid Calculation 2

Penmanship 5 5

Shorthand 5 10

Typewriting 15 10

COMBINATION COURSES
(Open to advanced students only)

Bible Study 5

Spelling 5

Correspondence (nine weeks) 5

Commercial Law or Arithmetic 5

Penmanship 5 5

Rapid Calculation 2

Bookkeeping 10 5

Shorthand 5 10

Typewriting 15 10

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 43

SCHOOL OF MUSIC

PHILIP H. HUDSON, B. Mus., Director

OLIVE B. PEARSON, Pipe Organ and Piano

EPPIE C. JOHNSON, Voice

EARL MORIN, Violin

THE DEMANDS made upon musicians in the matter
of equipment for their work have greatly increased
in the past few years. Accordingly, the Luther College
School of Music offers courses of study which are intended
to meet the most exacting requirements. In addition to
the regular courses of study referred to in the following pages
we invite consideration of the advantages to be obtained by
the student in a School of Music connected with an institu-
tion where art, literature and science are blended.

An adequate knowledge of music has now become a
necessary part of an education. The students of today find
that natural gifts* however great, are not sufficient in them-
selves' but must be supplemented by thorough technical and
aesthetic training in order to cope successfully with the musi-
cal problems of the day.

It is an erroneous idea that it is best to defer the study ot
music until the general education is finished. It is then too
late to acquire more than ordinary ability. This naturally
suggests the college as the place where both may be pursued
side by side.

While the location and quarters of the school have been
greatly improved, the management has not lost sight of the
fact that the strength of the School of Music does not lie in
buildings alone, but in a well-balanced faculty; and it is
through its capable, thorough and experienced teachers, as
well as its material equipment, that the Luther College School
of Music has attained a high standing — that of a school of
music that will bear favorable comparison with any similar
institution of the west.

44 LUTHER COLLEGE

TO PARENTS

Many parents think any teacher will do for beginners' and
that a few lessons with a good teacher later will give them a
good finish and correct all past errors. This is a great error*
for through poor teaching had habits are formed that may be
impossible for the student to overcome. Thus time and money
is lost.

In music the standard has become higher. A few years ago
the local teacher with little training was deemed good enough.
The student who desires to prepare for an artistic career or to
teach music seeks the best instruction obtainable. This also
pays, for the advancement will be more rapid. The Luther
College School of Music is designed to promote thorough
training. The faculty consists of experienced and efficient
teachers, who are also accomplished performers. Each is a
specialist in his branch.

SPECIAL ADVANTAGES OF CONSERVATORY INSTRUCTION

Aside from the opportunity of instruction by teachers of
recognized ability, the advantages of conservatory over private
instruction are to manifest that we deem it hardly necessary to
enumerate the many points in its favor. It is almost impossible
for the pupil of the private teacher to get the benefit of in-
struction in accompaniment, or of orchestral or choral practice,
all of which are free to students of the Conservatory. The
student desiring to graduate or to acquire a teacher's certifi-
cate will find these diplomas only of value when secured from
a thoroughly well organized department. Other advantages
ol the greatest value are the opportunities to study

>vy and the recitals.

Instruction in instrumental and vocal music is based upon
private lessons, and not upon the so-called "conservatory" or
"class" system. Artistic results are dependent upon a close
adaptation to the individual needs of the pupils, and cannot
be satisfactorily accomplished in classes. No two students
have the same mental, physical, or artistic capacity, and their

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WAHOO, NEBRASKA 45

individual capabilities can be neither properly nor fully de-
veloped without painstaking personal attention.

Strictly up-to-date and systematic courses, comparing fav-
orably with the best conservatories of the East, are offered.

(1 Regular Diploma Courses, leading to graduation in Piano-
forte, Pipe Organ, Voice Culture, Violin, Cello and Theory of Music.

(2) Certificate Course. At the completion of this course the stu-
dent is awarded a certificate. It includes Pianol to 6A; Harmony
two years; Theory, one year; History of Music, one year; Relation of
Psychology to Music, one year; and academic studies equivalent to
six credits as follows:

English — Three Credits.

Electives — Three Credits.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Tlwo private lessons a week are required of all students in
Applied Music except organ students. Organ students usual-
ly pursue the study of piano and organ simultaneously* as a
sound piano technique is an absolute essential to good organ
playing. If they are sufficiently advanced technically, and
read well at sight, the piano requirements may be waived.

All regular lessons, as well as individual lessons, occupy a
period of thirty minutes, unless otherwise specified.

To be entitled to a certificate or diploma in any depart-
ment in the School of Music a student must have been in at-
tendance at Oratorio rehearsals and must have taken part in
their rendition during at least two years. Regular attendance
at such rehearsals, as well as at recitals, concerts and orchestra
piactices, is expected of all who enroll for courses in music or
*who are members of glee clubs. This a privilege the release
from which is granted only when the reasons are very imper-
ative.

46 LUTHER COLLEGE

CONSERVATORY COURSE

FIRST YEAR CREDITS

First Year Harmony and Analysis-1 2

Ear-Training and Dictation-2 1

Solfeggo-3 1

EnsembIe-4 1

Applied Music-Piano 5A, Organ 5B, Violin 5C, or Voice
Culture 5D 2

Academy Studies 4

SECOND YEAR

Second Year Harmony and Analysis 1-A 2

Ear-Training and Dictation-2A 1

Solfeggio-3A 1

Ensemble-4 1

Applied Music-Piano 6A, Organ 6B, Violin 6C, or Voice

Culture 6-D 2

Academy Studies 4

THIRD YEAR

Counterpoint, Canon and Fugue-7 2

History of Music-8 2

Ensemble-4 1

Applied Music-Piano 9A, Organ 9B, Violin 9C, or Voice
Culture 9D 2

Academy Studies 4

FOURTH YEAR

General Theory-10 1

Harmonic Analysis 11 1

Pedagogy and Psychology-12 1

Ensemble-4 1

Applied Music-Piano 13A, Organ 13B, Violin 13C, or Voice

Culture 13D 2

Graduation Recital 4

Academy Studies 4

Forty-five credits are required for graduation from the Diploma
Course, of which twenty-nine are purely music credits and the re-
maining sixteen are academy credits. An equivalent of two hours a
week in Christianity throughout the course, unless excused by the
Faculty.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 47

The candidate for Graduation must satisfactorily perform an in-
dividual program (from memory) during the Fourth Year, conforming
in general with the following outline:

PIANO STUDENTS

A concerto or chamber-music of advanced difficulty; one of the
later Beethoven sonatas; one of the more important works of Schu-
mann and Brahms.

ORGAN STUDENTS

One of the great preludes and fugues of Bach; sonata of Guilmant
or Rheinberger; selection for the works of Thiele, Widor, Merkel,
or Franck.

VIOLIN STUDENTS

A Bach sonata; a concerto of advanced difficulty; a modern sonata
for piano and violin; selections from the more important works of
Vieuxtemps and Wieniaski.

VOCAL STUDENTS

An operatic aria; an aria from Handel's Messiah or Haydn's Crea-
tion; an aria from a modern oratorio; group of songs from Brahms,
Jensen, Schumann, Schubert, or Franz.

THEORETICAL AND ACADEMIC STUDIES

Any study may be counted toward graduation in music.
Courses 3 and 3A are open to all students at the Institution.
All studies are open to regular or to special music students.
A student may enter any course or any combination of courses
when he is able to meet the requirements for admission.

1. FIRST YEAR HARMONY AND ANALYSIS

Two class lessons per wek. First year.

This deals with the fundamental principles of melody, harmony,
and rhythm. Familiarity with notation is required for admission.
Text: "Harmony" by Chadwick or Clarke.

2. EAR TRAINING AND DICTATION

One class lesson per week. First year.

The student is trained to write in correct notation musical phrases
which are played to him, beginning with the simplest phrases in the

48 LUTHER COLLEGE

major mode and progressing until difficult melodies and various chords
in either major or minor can be notated with and ease and facility.
No text.

3. SOLFEGGIO

One class lesson per week. First year.

This course (sight-singing), is designed to meet the needs of all
students who are deficient in the fundamental principles of music
such as rhythm, intervals, scales, etc., and who are poor sight readers.
It begins with the simplest rhythm and intervals, progressing by easy
stages until it includes the most difficult passages to be found in
modern vocal music. Text: ''Sight-Singing" by Damrosch.

4. ENSEMBLE

One class lesson per week.

Piano duet playing before the instructor and the class for pur-
poses of sight-reading and rhythmic feeling. Four-hand and eight-
hand piano arrangements of overtures and symphonies, with the addi-
tion of stringed instruments. A college orchestra will afford excellent
opportunities for violin and 'cello students. Violin and song accom-
paniments will be studied as an art in itself.

1A. SECOND YEAR HARMONY AND ANALYSIS

Two class lesson per week. Second year.

This course is a continuation of course 1, and takes up altered
chords, remote and enharmonic modulations, non-harmonic tones and
organ points. Prerequisite, course 1 or its equivalent. Text:
"Harmony" by Chadwick or Clarke.

2A. EAR-TRAINING AND DICTATION

One class lesson per week. Second year.

Advanced ear-training and dictation. The course is a continuation
of course 2. It is open to students that have already taken course 2,
and others equally qualified. No text.
3A. SOLFEGGIO

One class lesson per week. Second year.

Advanced Solfeggio and continuation of course 3. At the close
of the year a drill is given in simple part songs. Text: "Sight-Sing-
ing" by Damrosch.
7. COUNTERPOINT

Two class lessons per week. Third year.

In this course the principles of harmony are applied to the treat-
ment of two or more melodies in combination. Prerequisite, courses
1 and 1A. Text: "Counterpoint" by Ayres or Clarke.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 49

8. HISTORY OF MUSIC

Two class lessons per week. Third year.

This course is designed to give a clear view of music from its his-
torical and aesthetic side, the chief purpose being to furnish the basis
for an intelligent appreciation of music. It treats of the origin and
development of the art of music, viewing it as an element of liberal
culture. Text: "Standard History of Music'' by Cooke.

10. GENERAL THEORY

One class lesson per week. Fourth year

This is a course in general musical knowledge and embraces the
study of important laws underlying the art and science of music. The
course begins with Acoustics, a study of the physical laws of music.
The laws governing rhythm, accidentals, vocal and hymn meter, nat-
ural and artifical grouping, embellishments, metronomization, and
other points are discussed. This makes a course of very material
and practical benefit to the student, and lays the foundation for a
permanent musical culture. Text: "Theory of Music," Louis C.
Elson.

11. HARMONIC ANALYSIS

One class lesson per week. Fourth year.
Upon the completion of this course the student will be able to re-
duce any composition to four-part harmony, and account for all foreign
tones. Prerequisite, Courses 1 and 1A. Text: "Harmonic Analysis"
Cutter.

12. PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY

Fourth year.

Relation of pedagogy and psychology to general education, with
particular application to musical education. The arragements to be
made with the Director.

APPLIED MUSIC
PIANOFORTE

The course in Pianoforte is divided into two divisions:
Preparatory and Regular Conservatory Course.

The course marked out must necessarily be varied accord-
ing to the ability and temperament of the student. Many
works must be studied by all, but there is much that may be
essential for one student and not at all necessary for another.
Individual instruction is here eiven.

50 LUTHER COLLEGE

During the course in piano a definite amount of time is de-
voted to instruction in playing of church music and in arrange-
ment of church musical programs for the purpose of fitting
pupils as organists and choir leaders in churches.

A system of technics is used that is in line with the most
approved methods. Special attention is paid to development
of a true legato touch and a clear, smooth technique. The use
of the pedal, so much neglected, is also emphasized. At the
same time expression and interpretation are not neglected.
Technical and theoretical ability is worthless, except as it en-
ables the performer to bring out the beauties and meaning of
the composer.

Memorizing is required of all students.

Special effort is made to teach how to practice. Difficult
places are pointed out and the students are taught how to
learn them in the quickest and most thorough manner. Qual-
ity is of more value than quantity in the practice.

PREPARATORY DIVISION

GRADE I

Elements of piano playing, including hand position, touch and
rhythm. Technical exercises by Schmidt, easy studies and pieces from
Lichner, Gurlitt, Schumann, and others.

GRADE II

Technical studies from Schmidt and Hertz, studies from Heller
and Gurlitt, and easy Sonatinas by Gurlitt and others. Easy pieces
and selections from standard works and authors.

GRADE III

Technical studies by Herz and Hanon. Studies from works of
Loeschorn, Heller, Czerney and Behrens. Kuhlau sonatinas and pieces
from Schumann, Beethoven, and others.

GRADE IV

Advanced technical studies in scales, arpeggios, etc. Studies by
Czerney, Bertini, Schytte, and others. Bach's two-part Inventions and
Mendelssohn's Songs Without Words. Clementi's sonatinas and pieces
by Moszkowski, Schubert, and others.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 51

CONSERVATORY COURSE

FIRST YEAR— PIANO 5A

Advanced studies from Cramer, Czerney, Loeschorn, Heller, Jensen,
Bach and sonatas by Mozart and Haydn. Modern selections from
Grieg, Rubenstein, Nevin, Henselt, Raff, and other composers.

SECOND YEAR— PIANO 6A

Cramer's studies continued with advanced work from the studies
of Czerney and Jensen. Octave studies by Kullak, Bach's three-part
Inventions. Sonatas from Beethoven, Mozart and Haydn, and Chopin's
Mazurkas, Waltzes, Nocturnes, and Etudes. Selections from Jensen,
Cade, Schubert and Mendelssohn.

THIRD YEAR— PIANO 9A

Tansig's Daily Studies and dementi's Gradus. Selections from The
Well-Tempered Clavichord by Bach, and studies from Chopin, Heller,
Weber, Scharwenka, and others. Sonatas from Mozart and Beethoven
must be memorized. A few of the standard Concertos for piano are
studied.

FOURTH YEAR — PIANO 13A

dementi's Gradus completed. Czerney Virtuoso School, Bach's
Fugues and studies from Henselt, Moscheles, Saint-Saens, and the Liszt
Etudes Transcendentals. The later Sonatas of Beethoven are studied
and Memorized. Concertos by Weber, Beethoven, Handel and others
are studied and at least one memorized and performed publicly.
Throughout the entire course special stress is laid on the acquiring of
a smooth flowing legato touch as well as a crisp staccato and the
proper use of pedals. Fingering and hand positions are emphasized as
well.

VOICE CULTURE

In the Voice Department no definite course of study is pre-
scribed' owing to the fact that the needs of every student de-
mand individual treatment. Each student will from the be-
ginning receive instruction in correct breathing' voice place-
ment, flexibility, diction, tone color and style. Among the
studies used are Concone, Panofka, Marchesi, Sieber, Lampert,
etc. Songs from he masters, operatic and oratario roles are
used in course of the student's development.

52 LUTHER COLLEGE

The course leading to Certificate usually occupies three
years, and that to a Diploma four years. Students complete-
ing either course are required to participate in public recitals.
All voice students are required to have history of music, and
shall have completed the fourth grade in piano.

FIRST YEAR— VOICE 5D

This course commences with exercises in breathing, tone placing,
attack, and correct enunciation. Vocalizes by Concone, Sieber and
others are used. Easy songs and ballads are also studied.

SECOND YEAR— VOICE 6D

Special attention is given to exercises for flexibility of voice and
good phrasing. Students are required to appear in public recitals.
Songs of medium difficulty are used.
THIRD YEAR— VOICE 9D

Advanced vocalizes in style and voice production. Study of Italian
and German songs, the simple Oratorio and Operatic Solos.
FOURTH YEAR— VOICE 13D

Special attention given to Repertoire. Advanced vocalizes. Ad-
vanced work in Oratorio and Opera.

THEORETICAL AND ACADEMIC STUDIES

For the Diploma Course in Voice the requirements are the

same as for the piano couse. See Conservatory Course.

For the Certificate Course one year of Harmony, one year

of History of Music, one year of Psychology of Music and six

Academic credits are required.

PIPE ORGAN

The churches of our country are making increased demand
for well-trained organists. The organ is no longer looked up-
on as an instrument solely for accompaniments and church use
but has taken its place among solo instruments and gained a
distinct recognition from the music loving public.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 53

A large field, therefore- is open to the student of the Organ.
The work as outlined aims to provide a thorough training in
all that pertains to a mastery of the organ for church or con-
cert use.

The student should not commence the study of this instru-
ment until a good- practical knowledge of the pianoforte has
been obtained. As the organ is principally used in connection
with the church service, special attention will be given to the
art of service accompaniment. Also instruction in the mech-
anism of the pipe organ will <be given free to all organ students.

FIRST YEAR— ORGAN 5B

Merkel Organ School, Part 1. Manual playing in two and four
parts. Sight Reading; Hymn tunes without the pedals.

Merkel Organ School, Part 2. The natural pedaling; regular
alternating of both feet. Artificial pedaling; the use of point and heel
of same foot. Easy pieces by Bartiste, Dolmetch, Flagler, Lemaigre
Merkel and others. Sight-reading; Hymn tunes with the pedals.

SECOND YEAR — ORGAN 6B

Nilson Pedal Studies Merkel, Parts 3 and 4. Various pieces for
study and church use. Selected pieces by Rheinberger, Dubois and
others. Sight Reading; Hymn tunes in more difficult style.

THIRD YEAR— ORGAN 9B

Nilson's Pedal Studies continued. Schneider — forty-four studies.
(Manuals and Pedals continued.) Bach — Eight short Preludes and
Fugues. Some of his Chorals. Rheinberger — Meditations. Other
pieces by Guilmant, Mailing, LaToutbelle and others.

FOURTH YEAR — ORGAN 13 B

Pedal Studies by Nilson and Schneider to be completed. Bach, Pre-
ludes and Fugues of medium difficulty. Mendelssohn — Preludes and
Sonatas. (Nos. 2 and 5.) Rheinberger — Sonata. (A Minor.) Selected
pieces by Guilmant, Widor, C. Frank and others.

VIOLIN

Among the stringed instruments, the Violin stands as one
of the oldest and has been admired for its beautiful and thrill-
ing strains.

54 LUTHER COLLEGE

The musical possiblities within the compass of the violin
are marvelous and unexcelled by any other instrument. The
he.st artists of the olden or modern times were skillful on the
violin, and it appeals to those of the finest musical taste today.

Violin students must complete the fourth grade in Piano
before graduation.

PREPARATORY

Rudiments of Finger and Bow Technique. Finger Exercises,
Scales and studies using the sustained stroke in the first position.
A systematic study of the Trill and Embellishments.

FIRST YEAR— VIOLIN 5C

Finger Exercises, Scales and Chords, (broken) in the First, Third
and Fifth Positions, with the sustained and hammered strokes. Ex-
ercises by Herman, Kayser, Depas and Sitt. Duets and pieces cor-
respondingly difficult.

SECOND YEAR— VIOLIN 6C

Advanced Finger Exercises, Scales in seven positions, all forms
with the introduction of double steps. Advanced Bowing Exercises,
Natural and Artificial, Spiccato, upand down Bow Stacatto; a system-
atic study of the Trill and Embellishments. Dont, Alard, Eberhardt's
Doublestops, Kreutzer, Thirty to Forty Solo Pieces, Sonatas, and easy
concertinas.

THIRD YEAR— VIOLIN 9C

Finger Exercises, Scales, Chords and Arpeggios and double stops
continued. Kreutzer, Mazas, Campagnoli's Seven Positions. First
Studies in Fiorillo, L'Achet by Viardot. Pieces of the Classical
Romantic and Modern Schools, Sonatas and Concerts by DeBeriot,
Viotta and Rode.

fourth year— violin 13c

Venzl Universal Studies through the entire year. Fiorillo,
Rovelli's "Twelve Caprices," Rode's "Twenty-four Caprices," Gainie's
Etudes, Sonatas by Handel, Tartini and others. Concertos by
Kreutzer, Rode, Bach, Mozart and others. Advanced Solo work.
Elementary study of the Viola. Reading of easy Viola parts from the
operas.

To those studying the Violin, with a view to teaching it, Normal
lessons and instruction will be given during the Senior Year.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 55

GENERAL REMARKS

DIPLOMAS

In consequence of the satisfactory completion of the course
including the theoretical and literary work, as outlined above,
a Diploma will be awarded the student.

CONCERNING ATTENDANCE

Regularity and absolute punctuality are required at class-
es and lectures as well as at individual lessons.

Students who are unavoidably absent from any lesson must
send word to the teacher in advance. Absences must be re-
moved by examination to make good the ground lost.

BACK LESSONS

The Conservatory does not promise to compensate for les-
sons lost by the student's absence. It permits such compensa-
tion at the volition of instructor and Director if there
is time available, but recommends it only where the reason
for absence was good and the student's diligence satisfactory.

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Students may enter at any time, but it is far more favor-
able to enter at the beginning of the term.

Students may not appear in public performances without
consent of the Director.

The Director teaches all advanced students in piano and
as many more as his time will permit.

Students are not permitted to change their registra-
tion or to reduce the amount of work originally planned with-
out consulting the Director.

Practice periods are never to be interchanged or rearranged
between the students. This is in the hands of the Treasurer.

56 LUTHER COLLEGE

THE SCHOOL OF ART

ALMA JOHNSON, ART AND EXPRESSION

No person can be oblivious of the great educational devel-
opment of the past few years. The introduction of nature
study of drawing and of color work into the schools and col-
leges has led the way to a broader and fuller recognition of
the subject of art as an essential, important feature of public
education, both for the proper development of the individual,
and also as a preparation for practical social life. A course
of three years is prescribed, yet much depends on the aptness
and natural ability of the student.

We teach the Prang System of public school drawing' and
every student completing the full art course must study draw-
ing at least one term. Other standard systems are also used.

COURSES OP STUDY

FIRST YEAR

Charcoal practice from antique fragments. Pencil sketching from
life. Still life in water color, chalk and pastel. Clay-modeling from
objects and casts.

SECOND YEAR

Same. More advanced Perspective. Pen and ink sketching from
objects and life. Out-door sketching. Design and composition. History
of art, study of history of painting, sculpture, and ornament.

THIRD YEAR

Antique heads and figures in full light and shade. Still life and
landscape in water color and oil. Life in charcoal, water color and
oil. Composition in color. History of art.

Instruction also given in crayon, china painting, pyrography
etching and firing.

The course in drawing is the same as that in the Academy.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 57

DEPARTMENT OF EXPRESSION

The work in Expression is largely adapted to meet the
needs of each individual. His voice and body are trained to
respond to the mind : mannerisms and dialects are corrected,
and pronunciation and enunciation are improved from the very
beginning. Special stress is laid on the development of the
personality of the pupil. He is taught that the highest devel-
opment of the voice and the body can be obtained only by de-
velopment of the mind and soul. Gestures thus become spon-
taneous and natural, rather than mechanical.

At the completion of a two-year course a certificate is
awarded.

SYNOPSIS OP COURSE OP STUDY

FIRST YEAR

FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER

Expression 5 Public Speaking 5

Penmanship 5 Physical Culture 2

Physical Culture 2 Classics 5

Religion 5 Private Expression 2

Private Expression 2 Electives 10

Elective 5

SECOND YEAR

History or Swedish 5 History or Swedish 5

Religion 5 Reading , 5

Private Expression 2 Private Expression 2

Electives 10 Electives 10

58 LUTHER COLLEGE

GENERAL INFORMATION

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION

Luther College is open to the Christian youth of our land, and
especially to the young people of the Nebraska Conference. We re-
quire of the student a good moral character and steady habits. A
diploma from the Public Schools will secure admission into the First
Class. Applicants unknown to the school officials should present a
certificate of good moral character from some reliable person.
TIME OF ENTERING

While students are admitted at any time during the school year,
it is desirable that they be present on the first day of the term. A
week or two lost in the beginning of a term is frequently the cause of
embarrassment throughout the year. The faculty cannot too earnestly
urge this important fact upon the parents and guardians. Students
should also remain during the entire term. Satisfactory progress can-
not be made without regular attendance.

NOTICE TO NEW STUDENTS

New students should bring all books in their possession, especially
school books, also certificate of credits earned above the 8th grade.
If no High School work has been done, the Common School Diploma
will be needed to show that the grade work has been completed.

Students must also provide themselves with bedding, toilet
articles, and whatever else is desired to make their dormitory room
homelike and attractive, as curtains, rugs, pictures, etc. Tables, beds
chairs, wash stands and bookshelves are furnished by the institution.

DISCIPLINE

Character is the best result of a good education and development
of character demands good discipline.

Students are required to be punctual at chapel exercises and
recitations. Disturbing the work or rest of fellow-students, visiting
theatres, saloons, pool halls or houses of ill-repute; playing cards or
other improper games, or using profane language, are forbidden and
may load to expulsion. The use of tobacco in any form in and about
the buildings is also forbidden. F>all playing is not allowed on the
campus or during school hours.

The attendance of such students only as will make proper use of

their educational opportunities is desired, while those whose spirit is

i'ound to be antagonistic to the methods and the work of the institu-

ay be dropped whenever the general welfare seems to require it,

i offense meriting expulsion.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 59

Permission for temporary absence from school or permanent dis-
continuance of studies before the close of any term must be obtained
from the faculty before the occurrence of such absence. Any time
lost by such absence must be made up and paid for as the faculty may
prescribe.

Students cannot change their course of study without permission
from the faculty, nor can extra studies outside of the regular course
be taken by any student except by permission from the same body.

Students must abide by the decisions of the faculty and generally
conduct themselves in a manner becoming Christian youth.

Students are prohibited from rooming or boarding at places not
sanctioned by the authority.

DORMITORY REGULATIONS
EVENING STUDY PERIOD

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday evenings
from 7:30 to 10:30 o'clock are considered as study periods. Excuses
will be granted from this regulation in order to attend meetings under
the auspices of Luther College, of the local Swedish Lutheran Church,
or whatever the preceptor deems worthy.

This is not a visiting period. Students will remain in their own
rooms for study. Permission for students who are not roommates to
study together will be granted by the preceptor only upon recom-
mendation of the instructor of the subject to be studied thus.

EVENING ABSENCE

Students wishing to be absent from the dormitory any evening after
7:30 o'clock will fill out an evening absence report for the preceptor
or the manager of the boarding department. Students are expected to
be in the dormitory every evening not later than 10 o'clock unless a late
permit is given. At 10:30 o'clock lights shall be out, unless special
permission has been given for a later time.

CONDITION OF ROOMS

Dormitory rooms are subject to inspection by the preceptor or
the president at any time. Each person is held responsible for his
own room, and if it is in any way damaged he must pay for the repair
of the same.

BUILDINGS

Five buildings belong to the Institution. The frame building,
erected in 1885 and moved in 1903, is now used as Ladies' Hall and
contains the Dormitory Rooms and the rooms of the Lady Principal.
It is known as East Hall. The frame building erected in 1892 was en-
larged the summer of 1905 to nearly three times its original size. It
now contains fifty dormitory rooms for gentlemen students, a dining
hall, a kitchen, a bakery and serving room, and rooms for the manager

60 LUTHER COLLEGE

of the Boarding Department and his assistant. Its name is West Hall.
As good board as is commensurate with the charges made may be
obtained here.

The main building was erected in 1903. In it are found the Class
Rooms, the Library, Laboratory, the Chapel and the Business Hall.
The rooms are well adapted for their respective uses, and are light,
high and spacious, well furnished, lighted by electricity and heated
with steam.

During 1916 two new buildings were erected on the campus, a
gymnasium and a rectory. The rectory is a modern structure in every
sense of the word. It is an elegant building, constructed of hard iron
spot, vitrified press brick and tile.

LECTURE COURSE
During his stay at Luther College the student is also receiving
the advantages of instruction afforded by numerous lectures given by
iprominent leaders in educational, sociological, religious and political
fields of activity throughout our own country and even from foreign
countries. It is self-evident that this becomes a very important factor
in helping the student to extend his horizon of vision and gain a clearer
view of world affairs.

THE LUTHER COLLEGE VISITOR
This is the name of the school paper. Its motto, "Christian Cul-
ture, True Enlightenment," indicates the end for which it works. It
is published by the faculty and students, and discusses matters of
general interest, especially in the educational world. Care is exercised
in making the news columns full. The subscription price is only 25
cents per year. News from former students solicited.

INTERCOLLEGIATE DEBATES
The interest in debating activity has been well sustained during the
present school year. Three teams were organized: an academy boys'
team, Raymond Elvin, Leonard Smith, Gilbert Monson, affirmative, and
Milton Flodman, Raymond Swanson, FJoyd Lauerson, negative; an
academy girls' team, Hilma Peterson, Elvira Hanson, Elva Danielson,
affirmative, and Bernice Sward, Maye Sandquist, Ingeborg Swenson,
negative; and a college team, Clara Johnson, Amy Larson, Reuel
Hemdahl, affirmative, and Agda Johnson, Hilding Ohslund, and Leonard
Lindgren, negative. Public debates have been scheduled with the
Wahoo Lutheran Brotherhood, Omaha South Central High School,
Schuyler High School, Ashland High School, Midland College, and
Omaha High School of Commerce.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 61

EXPENSES

Bills for tuition and rooms are payable strictly in advance by the
term. If not paid in advance, 10 per cent will be added to the regular
rate. Claims for deduction in board due to regular absences must be
made in writing immediately on return to school.

TUITION

CLASSICAL NORMAL AND DOMESTIC
SCIENCE COURSES

First Semester, Preparatory, First and Second Classes $17.00

First Semester, Third, Fourth and Advanced Classes 21.25

Second Semester, Preparatory, First and Second Classes 19.00

Second Semester, Third, Fourth and Advanced Classes 23.75

Short Term, twelve weeks 15.00

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
COMMERCIAL AND SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITING COURSE

First Semester $28.00

Second Semester 32.00

Short Term, twelve weeks 24.00

Less than a term, per month . . . 9.00

First Semester ...".......... $35.00

Second Semester '. '. 40.00

NOTE: In the Academy, tuition for less than a term will be
charged proportionately by the week, with fifteen cents per week add-
ed. Here also a reduction in tuition is made to brothers and sisters,
when two or more enroll for a whole term.

Others than regular Shorthand and Typewriting students who
wish to take typewriting will be charged $1.50 per month for use of
instruments for one period daily practice.

SCHOOL OF MUSIC
All rates are for one lesson per week, unless otherwise specified.
No discount for lessons lost by student's fault. For pupils in the
first four grades who receive instruction from the director of the
School of Music, 20 per cent will be added to charges.

Preparatory Division — Grades I-II, Fall Term $12.75

Grades I-II, Spring Term 14.25

Grades III-IV, Fall Term 15.30

Grades III-IV, Spring Term 17.10

Conservatory Course — Fall Term 25.50

Fall Term, Two lessons per week 42.10

Spring Term 28.50

Spring Term, Two lessons per week 47.50

62 LUTHER COLLEGE

PIPE ORGAN

Fall Term, 17 weeks $17.00

Spring Term, 19 weeks 19.00

Less than a term, per lesson 1.50

VOICE
First and Second Years, Fall Term $17.00

Spring Term 19.00

Third and Fourth Years, Fall Term 21.25

Spring Term 23.75

VIOLIN

Fall Term $12.75

Spring Term 14.25

PSYCHOLOGY, HARMONY, THEORY AND HISTORY

In Class, 60 minute periods, per lesson $0.40

Ear-training, Solfeggio, and Ensemble Instruction in class, free, but
required.

OTHER CHARGES

Piano Rent, one hour daily practice, per week $0.35

Pipe Organ, one hour daily practice, per week 75

SCHOOL OF ART AND EXPRESSION

Fall Term $12.75

Spring Term 14.25

NOTE: Lessons in the Art Department are three-hour periods in
classes of five; children half time and half rate.

Lessons in Voice, Piano, Violin, Art, and Expression less than a
term, pro rata of term rates, plus 20 per cent. Two lessons in Voice
per week for full term, 10 per cent less than regular rate.

GENERAL EXPENSES
Room rent, heat, electric light and free baths, two in room, each

First Semester $17.00

Short Term, twelve weeks 16.00

Remainder of Second Semester, seven weeks 7.00

Board, at approximate cost

Diploma fee 3.00

Laboratory fee, Chemistry and Physics, each, per year 50

Matriculation fee, paid on first entrance only 3.00

Gymnasium and Library fees, each, per semester 50

Laboratory fee, Home Economics, according to work done.

NOTE: If board is not paid in advance, charges will be increased
ten cents a week. A person wishing to occupy a room alone must pay
a higher rate. Students having visiting friends will be charged by the
me; I rate for meals bo furnished.

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 63

GRADUATES 1921

ACADEMY

ADVANCED NORMAL COURSE

Lindberg, Edwin . . Broadwater

CLASSICAL COURSE

Bowman, Francis .Clarinda, la. Lindgren, Leonard Wahoo

Carlson, Harry Funk Olson, Edwin Malmo

Carlson, Adolph Funk Samuelson, Rudolph Mead

Hemdahl, Reuel Wahoo Swanson, Raymond Malmo

NORMAL COURSE

Goldberg, Olga Wakefield Lindquist, Bessie Funk

Hult, Dora Wahoo Lonnquist, Doris Axtell

Johnson, Louise Mead Nygren, Mable St. Edward

Kampe, Dora Essex, la. Nygren, Millicent ..St. Edward

Larson, Florence ...Swedeburg Sandahl, Violet York

Lindahl, Nime Hordville Swanson, Clara Swedeburg

Peterson, Laurine Colon Peterson, PaulineNewman Grove

SCHOOL OF MUSIC

TEACHERS' COURSE— PIANOFORTE

Beyer, Eva Mae Ithaca Magnusson, Viola Wahoo

Fjelin, Esther Wahoo Lindberg, Marina . . Wakefield

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

BOOKKEEPING COURSE

Hanson, Hugo Wakefield Nelson, Albert Bristow

Johnson, Robert Bradish Noreen, Paul . . . Newman Grove

SHORTHAND COURSE

Anderson, Esther Wahoo Magnusson, Mamie Mead

Berg, Clarence Wahoo Ohslund, Hilding Wahoo

Hanson, Pauline Wahoo Widman, Willie Mead

Hurst, Zella Wahoo Larson, Harold Stanton, la.

COMBINED COURSE

Turnwall, Verner Weston

64

LUTHER COLLEGE

ROLL OF STUDENTS

ADVANCED

Anderson, Esther ..Broadwater

Anderson, Ruth Wahoo

Ackerson, Elmer Punk

Carlson, Harry Funk

Cleven, Karin Wahoo

Christenson, RuthNewman Grove

Erickson, Irene Wahoo

Hemdahl, Reuel Wahoo

N0R3IAL

Johnson, Agda Wahoo

Johnson, Clara Kirk

Larson, Amy Gowrie, la.

Lindgren, Leonard .... Wahoo

Ohslund, Hilding Wahoo

Swanson, Raymond Wahoo

Samuelson, Rudolph .... Mead
Turnwall, Verner Weston

ACADEMY

FOURTH CLASS

CLASSICAL

Berglund, Axel Osceola

Flodman, Milton Wahoo

Granlund, Carl Hamill, S. D.

Lindahl, Wesley Hordville

Olson, Gladys Malmo

Olson, Vera Malmo

Lofgren, Carl Wausa

NORMAL

Berg, Florence Wahoo

Benson, Naomi .... Swedeburg

Danielson, Elva Laurel

Gustafson, <Ruth Funk

Lindberg, Edith Wausa

Lindberg, Emma Wausa

Nygren, Inez St. Edward

Olson, Anna Oshkosh

THIRD CLASS

Strom, Edwin Wahoo

Strom, Edna Wahoo

Seashore, Rosel Wahoo

Swanson, Carl
Thulin, Joseph
Thulin, Philip

.Stanton, la.
. Swedeburg
. Swedeburg

Olson, Emma Oshkosh

Pearson, Roseline Ceresco

Palm, Esther Ceresco

Peterson, Hilma ....Marquette

Swanson, Ruth Swedeburg

Swanson, Theckla . . Swedeburg
Swenson, Ingeborg Sheridan, Wy

Anderson, Gothard .... Wahoo
Anderson, Agda ...Broadwater

Ang, Anna Valparaiso

Ahl, Helga Valparaiso

Almquist, Nora Wahoo

Almquist, Richard .... Wahoo
Anderson, Alberta Colon

Gustafson, Helen Funk

Johnson, Merle Concord

Johnson, Alice Genoa

Lind, Vernie Holdrege

Lauerson, Floyd Craig

Louis, Hilmer .... Swedeburg
Lundquist, Alice Wahoo

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

65

Brodd, Evald Ceresco

Brodd, Virgil Ceresco

Brodahl, Fern Wahoo

Berg, Duane Wahoo

Carlson, Elvira Valparaiso

Carlson, Hildur Wahoo

Eliason, Carl Swedeburg

Elvin, Raymond .... Saronville

Gustafson, George Funk

Gustafson, Linnea Funk

Gustafson, Paul Funk

SECOND
Anderson, Spencer .... Wausa

Anderson, Nels Wahoo

Bjork, Fred Monroe

Berg, Ruth Wahoo

Brostrom, Lorine Wahoo

Cheleen, Elsie Julesburg

Carlson, Hazel Valparaiso

Carlson, Walter Funk

Erickson, Hjalmar . . Swedeburg
Franzen, Alf ield . . Hepburn, la.

Hanson, Elvira Bertrand

Jacobson, Myrtle ... St. Edward

Monson, Gilbert Craig

Ohslund, Mildred Wahoo

Peterson, Bernard Funk

Rains, Kenneth Wahoo

Ronnquist, Verner St. Edward
Swanson, Raymond Hepburn, la.

Shepard, Theodore Colon

Shepard, Lawrence Colon

Sandquist, Maye ..Hepburn, la.

Thulin, Agnes Swedeburg

Thulin, Linnea Wahoo

CLASS

Johnson, Robert
Johnson, Esther
Lepley, Samuel .
Oakeson, Ove . .
Olson, Vincent .
Paulson, Harold
Peterson, Eidner
Soder, Pauline .
Swanson, Myrtle
Smith, Leonard
Seashore, Harold

Bradish

. .Clarinda, la.
. . . Stanton, la.
Fairfax, S. D.
.Fairfax, S. D.
Wahoo

Stanton, la.

Ceresco

.Hepburn, la.

Holdrege

. . . Wahoo

FIRST

Anderson, Luella Malmo

Elmquist, Arthur Julesburg

Erickson, Hilda . . Swedeburg

Johnson, Reuben Osceola

Lindgren, Darline Wahoo

Milton, Frances Colon

Magnusson, Martin Colon

Johnson, Henry Wausa

CLASS

Ohslund, Eunice Wahoo

Peterson, Laverne Colon

Paulson, Rudolph Wahoo

Sward, Berniece ...Stromsburg

Sward, Rachel Stromsburg

Woeppel, Louise Wahoo

Walin, Althea Ceresco

PREPARATORY CLASS

Larson, Bertha Holdrege Lundstrom, Simon Laurel

Larson, Ellen Holdrege Nelson, Ragnar Stromsburg

UNCLASSIFIED

Lundgren, Alfred Red Oak, la. Olson, Hildur Julesburg

Monson, Agnes Craig Olson, Clarence Omaha

Olson, Ruth Julesburg Peterson, Harry Pomeroy, Iowa

66

LUTHER COLLEGE

HOME ECONOMICS COURSE

POODS AND COOKERY

Carlson, Hildur Wahoo

Carlson, Hazel Valparaiso

Gustafson, Helen Funk

Gustafson, Ruth Funk

Johnson, Mabel Wahoo

Nelson, Judith Wahoo

Thulin, Linnea Wahoo

W allin, Hannah Swedeburg

SEWING AND TEXTILES

Anderson, Viola Hebron

Anderson, Agda .... Broadwater

Almquist, Nora Wahoo

Berg, Ruth Wahoo

Carlson, Hazel Valparaiso

Gustafson, Ruth Funk

Johnson, Merle Concord

Johnson, Mabel Wahoo

Lind, Vernie Holdrege

Lundquist, Alice Wahoo

Peterson, Laverne Colon

Milton, Frances Colon

Swanson, Lelia . . Valparaiso

Soder, Pauline Ceresco

Thulin, Agnes Swedeburg

Thulin, Linnea Wahoo

Woeppel, Louise Wahoo

Wallin, Hannah Ceresco

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

BOOKKEEPING

Almquist, Richard Wahoo

Anderson, Maude ..Stromsburg

Ballinger, Elmer Julesburg

Bendz, Ralph Ceresco

Bjork, Fred Monroe

Cleven, Jonas Chugwater, Wyo.
Carlson, Clifford .Hepburn, la.
Christenson, Bernice . . .Wahoo

Falk, Glen Essex, la.

Goldberg, Luther Wakefield

Johnson, Morris Concord

Johnson, Carroll ....Essex, la.
Johnson, Ernest . . . . Saronville

.Johnson, Herman Greeley

Larson, Irene Malmo

Lnndgren, Clifford Rod Oak, la-
Lundstrom, Martin . . Osceola

Nelson, Dorothy Stanton, la.

Nelson, Judith Wahoo

Olson, Carl Powell

Olson, Lawrence . . Garret, Ky.

Olson, Oliver Holdrege

Person, Clarence Malmo

Peterson, Florence Ithaca

Peterson, Paul Essex, la.

Pierson, Clarence .... Osceola

Rains, Idona Wahoo

Rydberg, Paul Essex, la.

Swanson, Mauritz Clarks

Swanson, Paul Swedeburg

Smith, Hilmer Holdrege

Johnson, Harold . . Stromsburg
Youngquist, Philip . . . Osceola

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

67

STENOGRAPHY

Anderson, Maude . . Stromsburg

Larson, Irene Malmo

Nelson, Dorothy . . . Stanton, la.
Nelson, Judith Wahoo

Peterson, Florence Ithaca

Rains, Idona Wahoo

Swanson, Paul Swedeburg

SPECIAL TYPEWRITING STUDENTS

Ackerson, Elmer Punk

Almquist, Richard Wahoo

Anderson, Gothard Wahoo

Bendz, Ralph Ceresco

Esping, Bertha Lindsborg, Kan.

Falk, Glen Essex, la.

Johnson, Herman .... Greeley

Johnson, Morris ...... Concord

Olson, Clarence Omaha

Olson, Oliver

Peterson, Laverne
Person, Clarence . . ,

Peterson, Paul

Swanson, Raymond

Smith, Hilmer

Thulin, Philip

Youngquist, Philip ,

■ Holdrege
. . . Colon
. . . Malmo
Essex, la.
. . Wahoo
Holdrege
Swedeburg
. . Osceola

SCHOOL OF MUSIC

GRADUATING CLASS
TEACHERS COURSE-PIANO

Benson, Naomi Swedeburg McAuley, Mary

PIANO DEPARTMENT

Wahoo

Anderson, Agda Broadwater

Anderson, Viola Hebron

Anderson, Lucile Colon

Brodd, Evald Ceresco

Benson, Naomi Swedeburg

Berg, Ruth Wahoo

Berg, Louise Wahoo

Bailey, Laura Colon

Berggren, Josephine . . Wahoo

Becker, Esther Ithaca

Cheleen, Elsie Julesburg

Carlson, Harry Funk

Christenson, Bernice . . Wahoo

Cutler, Eunice Wahoo

Dristy, Wilma Wahoo

Elder, Margaret Wahoo

Martin, Clara Cedar Bluffs

Nelson, Judith Wahoo

Nelson, Lamoine Colon

Nygren, Ruth Wahoo

Olscn, Ruth Oshkosh

Olson, Hildur Oshkosh

Olson, Emma Oshkosh

Ohslund, Mildred Wahoo

Olson, Mabel Wahoo

Peterson, Paul Essex, la.

Person, Mrs. Ruth Wahoo

Peterson, Laurine Colon

Rood, Margaret Wahoo

Randell, Ethel Swedeburg

Soder, Pauline Ceresco

Swanson, Ruth Swedeburg

68

LUTHER COLLEGE

Erickson, Marcelyn Wahoo

Erickson, Clarinda Ceresco

Plodman, Vera Wahoo

Goldberg, Ellen Wakefield

Hanson, Elvira Bertrand

Hult, Linus Wahoo

Johnson, Merle Concord

Jacobson, Myrtle . . St. Edward

Johnson, Mabel Wahoo

Johnson, Mildred Weston

Johnson, Emma Mead

Larson, Ellen Holdrege

Larson, Bertha Holdrege

Larson, Irene Malmo

Lees, Alta Wahoo

Louis, Lucile Swedeburg

Ludi, Ralph Wahoo

Larson, Florence . . Swedeburg

Lindgren, Clarine Wahoo

Monson, Agnes Craig

McAuley, Mary Wahoo

Swanson, Lelia .... Valparaiso

Seashore, Harold Wahoo

Swanson, Myrtle . . Hepburn, la.

Strom, Edna Wahoo

Shepard, Theodore .... Colon
Sandquist, Maye .Hepburn, la.
Sward, Rachel . . . Stromsburg
Sward, Bernice . . Stromsburg

Swanson, Ned Malmo

Simanek, Julia Prague

Simanek, Leona Prague

Swanson, William .... Wahoo

Seashore, Selma Wahoo

Turn wall, Verner Weston

Thorston, Ruth Wahoo

Thorston, Dorothy Wahoo

Walin, Hannah Ceresco

Walin, Althea Ceresco

Woeppel, Mrs. P. W. . . Wahoo

Vlcek, Ruth Wahoo

Vlcek, Janet Wahoo

VOICE DEPARTMENT

Anderson, Esther ..Broadwater

Berg, Florence Wahoo

Cleven, Karin Wahoo

Carlson, Harry Funk

Christenson, RuthNewman Grove
Carlson, Clifford .Hepburn, la.

Ebert, Oral Ithaca

Gibbs, Alice Wahoo

Isaacson, Clyde ...Stanton, la.

Johnson, Robert Bradish

Johnson, Henry Wausa

Larson, Ellen Holdrege

Larson, Bertha Holdrege

Monson, Agnes Craig

Nelson, Elvira Bradish

Olson, Emma Oshkosh

Olson, Anna Oshkosh

Olson, Ruth Oshkosh

Olson, Hildur Oshkosh

Smith, Leonard Holdrege

Thulin, Joseph .... Swedeburg
Thulin, Philip .... Swedeburg

Turnwall, Verner Weston

Torell, Alice Stromsburg

Woeppel, Mrs. F. W. ... Wahoo

PIPE ORGAN

Larson, Florence . . Swedeburg

Lindi Vernie Funk

Magnusson, Viola Wahoo

Ohslund, Mildred Wahoo

Thulin, Agnes Swedeburg

WAHOO, NEBRASKA 69

VIOLIN DEPARTMENT

Anderson, Alberta Colon Polsley, Roscoe Wahoo

Berglund, Axel Osceola Peterson, Harry . . Pomeroy, la.

Bellick, William Prague Perk, Joe Prague

Ellison, Dorothy Mead Peterson, Eidner . . Stanton, la.

Erickson, Hjalmar . . Swedeburg Paulson, Harold Wahoo

Fox, Arthur Wahoo Ruskiza, William Prague

Horan, Doris Wahoo Rains, Kenneth Wahoo

Horan, Verna Wahoo Schultz, Frank Yutan

Laudenschlager, Margaret Wahoo Simanek, Margaret Prague

Monson, Agnes Craig Simanek, Milo Prague

Magnusson, Martin Colon Wagner, Ralph Ithaca

Morin, Mamie Wahoo Wolfe, William Wahoo

Mowers, Fredrick Colon Walters, Jennie Memphis

McAuley, Mary Ithaca

CORNET

Anderson, Spencer Wausa Roberts, Russel Ithaca

Ebert, Frank Ithaca Seashore, Rosel Wahoo

Dvorak, Albin Prague Wolfe, Herman Ithaca

Johnson, Reuben Wolfe, Emil Wahoo

FLUTE

Hageman, Selma Ithaca Swartz, Helen Ithaca

CLARINET

Johnson, Morris Concord

SAXAPHONE

Anderson, Carl Ithaca

THEORETICAL STUDIES

Anderson, Viola, 1, 8, 10 Hebron Ohslund, Mildred, 1 ...Wahoo

Larson, Florence, 1, 8 Swedeburg Person, Mrs. Ruth, 1, 8, 12 Wahoo

McAuley, Mary, 1, 10, 12 Wahoo Woeppel, Mrs. F., 1, 12 . .Wahoo

SCHOOL OF ART AND EXPRESSION

PAINTING

Ackerson, Elmer Funk Lusch, Milda Swedeburg

Anderson, Ruth Wahoo, Nelson, Ragnar Osceola

Bergquist, Agnes Shickley Olson, Hildur Oshkosh

Bjork, Fred Monroe Olson, Ruth Oshkosh

Carlson, Walter Funk Ohslund, Mildred Wahoo

70

LUTHER COLLEGE

Dwyer, Mabel Wahoo

Erickson, Amy Malmo

Esping, Bertha Lindsborg

Johnson, Alice Genoa

Johnson, Clara Kirk

Kampe, Dora Essex, la.

Kavan, Elvida Wahoo

Larson, Amy .... Gowrie, la.

Lees, Alta Wahoo

Lusch, Ebba Swedeburg

Martin, Clara Cedar Bluffs

Meduna, Mrs Wahoo

Monson, Agnes Craig

Nelson, Pauline Colon

Lusch, Ida Swedeburg

Patterson, Mrs. D. T. ..Wahoo

Paulson, Harold Wahoo

Pearson, Laura Ceresco

Peterson, Florence Ithaca

Peterson, Laurine Colon

Ptacek, Laura Prague

Railsback, Marie Wahoo

Robbins, Gladys Wahoo

Siegrist, Mrs. Geo Ceresco

Spicka, Mrs. Joe Wahoo

Strom, Rosie Wahoo

Sutton, Mrs. A Wahoo

Walin, Hannah Ceresco

West, Mrs. B Mead

CHINA DECORATION

Anderson, Esther . . Broadwater

Anderson, Ruth Wahoo

Beaman, Grace Ceresco

Bergquist, Agnes Shickley

Christenson, RuthNewman Grove

Dvorak, Lillian Wahoo

Dwyer, Mabel Wahoo

Erickson, Amy Malmo

Johnson, Clara Kirk

Johnson, Hanna Kirk

Johnson, Irene Wahoo

Johnson, Effie Dubois, Pa.

Kastl, Lillian Prague

Larson, Amy Gowrie, la.

Lindberg, Emma Wausa

Martin, Clara .... Cedar Bluffs

Martin, Thelma Ceresco

Monson, Agnes Craig

Murphy, Mrs. J Wahoo

Nelson, Elvira Bradish

Olson, Anna Oshkosh

Olson, Hildur Oshkosh

Olson, Ruth Oshkosh

Patterson, Mrs. D. T. ..Wahoo

Pearson, Laura Ceresco

Peterson, Emma Wahoo

Porter, Henrietta Wahoo

Ptacek, Laura Wahoo

Railsback, Marie Wahoo

Risk, Ruth Wahoo

Siegrist, Mrs. Geo Ceresco

Swanson, Mabel Malmo

Swanson, Theckla ..Swedeburg
Swenson, Ingeborg ...Sheridan

Torell, Alice Stromsburg

Walin, Althea Ceresco

Olson, Emma Oshkosh

Pearson, Olive Ceresco

EXPRESSION

Hanson, Elvira Bertrand

Johnson, Henry Wausa

Lee, Lillie Wahoo

Olson, Clarence Omaha

Olson, Hildur Oshkosh

Olson, Ruth Oshkosh

Person, Clarence Malmo

Pearson, Roseline Ceresco

Swanson, Mabel Malmo

Swanson, Ruth Swedeburg

Sandquist, Maye ..Hepburn, la.

Walin, Hannah Ceresco

Wurtzel, Laura Prague

WAHOO, NEBRASKA

71

SUMMER SCHOOL-PIANO

Anderson, Lucile Colon

Anderson, Rupert Wausa

Anderson, Margaret .... Colon

Berg, Florence Wahoo

Berg, Louise Wahoo

Baily, Laura Colon

Carlson, Hildur Wahoo

Cutler, Eunice Wahoo

Dristy, Edna Wahoo

Erickson, Marcelyn . . Wahoo

Hult, Dora Wahoo

Johnson, Lillian Malmo

Klotz, Celia Wahoo

Klotz, Harriet Wahoo

Lindgren, Darline .... Wahoo

Louis, Lucile Swedeburg

Larson, Dorothy Colon

Mays, Nellie Wahoo

McCord, Mildred Colon

Monteen, Vivien Wahoo

Nelson, Judith Wahoo

Nelson, Lamoine Colon

Nygren, Ruth Malmo

Nelson, Mildred Colon

Nelson, Bernice Colon

Nygren, Carl . ; Wahoo

Olson, Gladys Malmo

Ohslund, Eunice Wahoo

Olson, Myrtle Swedeburg

Rood, Margaret Wahoo

Strom, Edna Wahoo

Simanek, Julia Prague

Steen, Jane Wahoo

Simanek, Emily Prague

Strom, Esther Wahoo

Thorston, Ruth Wahoo

Thorston, Dorothy .... Wahoo

Woeppel, Louise Wahoo

Woeppel, Mrs. F. W. . . Wahoo

MODEL SCHOOL

SECOND GRADE

Anderson, Wilma Wahoo

Anderson, Wilmer .... Wahoo
Eliason, Winona Wahoo

Larson, Wesley Wahoo

Johnson, Ellery Wahoo

FIRST GRADE

Christenson, Margaret ..Wahoo

Edstrom, Myrl Wahoo

Overton, Alvin Wahoo

Peterson, Glen Wahoo

Seashore, Stanley Wahoo

Anderson, Laverne .... Wahoo

Erickson, Phylis Wahoo

Fox, Otto Wahoo

Fox, Dorsey, Wahoo

Berg, Paul Wahoo

CHART GRADE

Knock, Eloise Wahoo

Pearson, Willis Wahoo

Pearson, Carl Wahoo

Johnson, Elvira Wahoo

Larson, Leo Wahoo

72

LUTHER COLLEGE

SUMMARY OF ENROLLMENT

Ladies

Advanced Normal 8

Academy 64

School of Music-
Piano 64

Summer School-Piano 38

Voice 16

Violin 10

Pipe Organ 5

School of Business:

Bookkeeping 7

Stenography 8

Art and Expression 64

Model School 7

Grand Total 291

Enrolled in more than one

department 101

Net Total 190

Gentlemen Total

51

9
2
9
29
0

26

16

7

13

170

53

117

16
115

73

40

25

39

5

33
24
71

20

461
154

307

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